长武县土地利用/覆被演变规律及其影响下生态服务价值变化研究

Study on Land Use/Cover Change and Its Impact on Ecosystem Services in Changwu County

研究长武县近30年来的土地利用/覆被变化及其生态服务价值响应,明确人类活动对该区域环境的影响,有利于辅助政府制定合理土地利用政策,改善生态环境。在1990—2015年时段内,选择五个时间节点,从土地类型变化趋势、变化速率、转换关系及综合利用度等方面研究长武县土地利用/覆被演变规律,并在此基础上,结合长武县实际情况分析其生态服务价值的变化。结果表明:研究时段内耕地、草地等面积呈减少趋势,林地、园地、工矿用地、居民地等面积呈增加趋势;土地综合利用程度略有下降,土地利用处于调整时期;土地利用/覆被变化使长武县生态服务价值发生变化,其中林地生态服务价值增加62.33%,园地生态服务价值增加近8.5倍,耕地生态服务价值减少53.67%;长武县生态系统的气体调节、水源涵养、生物多样性保护指标等服务价值呈增加趋势,生态环境明显改善。

Studying on land use/cover change and its impact on ecosystem services value in Changwu County can realize the influence of human activity on regional environment. For local government, it is helpful for making reasonable land use policies to improve the local ecological environment. Years of 1990, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 were selected as five time points in Changwu County during past thirty years. The land use/ cover data in these years were used to analyze the trend of land use/cover types change, the rate of land use/ cover types change, the transition of land use/cover types and the land using degree. Based on above analysis, the changes of ecosystem services were investigated by considering actual condition in Changwu County. The results showed that cultivated land, forestland, orchard and grassland were the main land use/cover types in Changwu County; during the study periods, cultivated land and grassland expressed a decreasing trend, while forestland, orchard, industrial land, mining land, residential land showed an increasing trend. The comprehensive utilization index decreased, which means the land use was in a state of adjustment. The land use/cover change resulted in substantial change in ecosystem services, such as, forest ecosystem service increased 62.33%, orchard ecosystem service increased nearly 8. 5 times than before, and cultivated land service decreased 53.67%. In summary, the ecosystem was improved in Changwu county with the respect to increasing services in gas regulation, water conservation, biodiversity, etc.