近19年江苏海岸带地区土地利用变化特征

Dynamic Changes of Land Use in the Coastal Zone of Jiangsu Province Over the Recent 19 Years

海岸带地区因其拥有丰富的水土资源成为人类生产活动最为集中的区域之一,然而近几十年来,由于人类强烈的开发利用活动导致海岸带地区土地利用类型发生显著改变。从时间序列上选取1995年、2002年、2009年、2013年四期遥感影像数据,借助RS和GIS技术对近19a江苏海岸带地区土地利用变化及其服务功能价值开展研究,以期为当地土地资源的合理开发利用、土地利用结构调整以及实现人地的和谐统一提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)从土地利用类型构成来看,耕地是江苏海岸带地区最为主要的土地利用类型,其次为人工塘,而林地、草地和滩地面积相对较小;(2)从土地利用类型面积变化趋势来看,研究区土地利用类型变化集中体现为耕地、水体、滩涂的减少和建设用地、人工塘面积的增加;(3)从土地利用类型转移来看,各研究时段土地利用类型转移有所不同,总体来看,耕地、建设用地、人工塘三种土地利用类型间的转移更为普遍与频繁,相互转移量大;水体主要与滩涂发生相互转换;而耕地则是林地与草地的主要转移目标和来源;(4)近19a来,江苏海岸带地区生态系统服务总价值逐渐减少,且减少速率明显加快。

The coastal zone has become one of the most concentrated regions of human production activities because of its abundant water and soil resources. In recent years, significant changes of land use types have occurred in coastal zone due to the strong exploitation and utilization of human activities. With the help of RS and GIS technologies, we studied the changes and transfer characteristics of land use types in the coastal zone of Jiangsu Province over the recent 19 years based on the remote sensing data of 1995, 2002, 2009, 2013 to provide a reference for the rational utilization of local land resources and the adjustment of land use structure and achieve the harmony between land exploitation and ecosystem protection. The result show that： （1） cultivated land is the main land use type in the study region, followed by artificial pond, and the areas of the forestland, grassland and beach are relatively small l （2） the main characteristics of land use change are the decrease in cultivated land, water body and beach and the increase in construction land and artificial pond; （3） transfer characteristics of land use type is different in different periods. Overall, the cultivated land, construction land and artificial pond are closely linked, and they have a large amount of area to transfer among three types of land use; The water body and the beach mainly converted each other; the cultivated land is the main transfer target and source of the forestland and grassland; （4） the total value of ecosystem services in Jiangsu coastal zone hac been decreasing over the recent 19 years, and the decreasing rate rose.