2004-2013年忻州市生态足迹和承载力变化

Change in the Ecological Footprint and Carrying Capacity in Xinzhou from 2004 to 2013

采用修正后的生态足迹模型测算了2004—2013年忻州市生态足迹和生态承载力。生态足迹模型中增加了包括废气、废水和固体废弃物科目的污染排放账户和水资源账户,重新确定了忻州各项生物账户全球平均产量与生产性土地均衡因子。测算了各帐户的生态足迹与承载力。结果显示:(1)忻州人均生态足迹增长较为明显,由2004年的2.098 8hm2/人增长至2013年的5.388 9hm^2/人,人均生态承载力维持在1.28hm^2/人左右,人均生态盈亏全部表现为生态赤字从0.800 9hm^2/人上升至4.103 8hm^2/人。(2)生态足迹帐户上表现出差异性:近10年间均表现为生态盈余的有耕地、林地、建筑用地、水资源共4类,除水资源外,其余3类生态盈余呈下降趋势;而草地、水域、能源用地、污染消纳地均表现为生态赤字,除污染生态赤字稳定在一定范围内外,草地、水域、能源用地均表现为快速增加趋势,导致了生态赤字的增加。(3)全市生态压力指数从2004年的1.62增长到2013年的4.19,生态多样性指数从1.261减少到0.855,万元GDP生态足迹从4.355hm^2/万元降至2.563hm^2/万元,表明生态足迹分配越来越失衡,生态系统处于不稳定状态。同时资源利用率正在逐步提高,发展能力指数由2.646增加到4.609的事实也说明了全市可持续发展态势良好。

Waste gas, waste water, solid waste pollution subjects accounts and water resources accounts are added in the Modified Ecological Footprint Model, the biological account, global average yields and productive land equalization factor in Xinzhou were re-identified, and the ecological footprint and capacity of each account were calcu- lated. The results are shown as follows. （1） Per capita ecological footprint growth of Xinzhou is obvious, rising from 20 042. 098 8 hm^2 per capita in 2004 to 5. 388 9 hm^2 per capita in 2013, per capita ecological carrying capacity remained at 1.28 hm^2 , per capita ecological surplus and loss performed as the ecological deficit, and the deficit rose from 0. 800 9 hm^2 per capita to 4. 103 8 hm^2 per capita. （2） The ecological footprint account performed the difference in 10 years. The ecological surpluses had arable land, forestland, building land, water resources, the other three types of ecological surplus decreased exception of water. The grassland, water, energy land, pollution consumptive land presented as ecological deficit in addition to the pollution ecological deficit stabilized at a certain range. The grassland, water, energy and land use had the trend of a rapid increase, resulting in increase of ecological deficit. （3） The whole Xinzhou ecological pressure index increased from 1.62 in 2004 to 4.19 in 2013, the ecological diversity index decreased from 1. 261 to 0. 855,the GDP ecological footprint declined from 4. 355 hm^2/ Million Yuan to 2. 563 hm^2/ Million Yuan. Those facts reveal that the distribution of the ecological footprint is increasingly unbalanced and the ecosystem becomes unstable; meanwhile, the resource utilization is gradually improving, capacity development index rises from 2. 646 to 4. 609, which also explains the city＇s sustainable development in a good state.