调整“城镇化”偏差,明确“城市化”战略

A Clear Strategic Shift from “Development of Small Cities and Towns” to “Urbanization”

城市化的本质是人的城市化,是人理性自主选择的结果。在工业化和城市化快速发展阶段,人口不断向大城市集聚是基本规律,大城市才是经济增长的火车头。我国在"城镇化"发展思路的指导下,人为限制大城市人口及用地规模,致使大城市基础设施和公共服务供给严重不足,城市运行不堪负重。通过政策倾斜、财政补贴等方式优先发展中小城市和小城镇,不仅无法避免其人口流失,而且导致了生产效率降低和资源浪费。最近一二线和三四线城市房地产市场两极分化恰恰是"城镇化"发展思路带来的不良后果。当务之急是调整"城镇化"发展思路,确立"城市化"的指导思想,放开对大城市发展的人为限制,以人口流动的客观规律为依据科学预测城市人口规模,合理配置基础设施与公共服务,以特大城市为龙头,以城际交通为纽带,带动城市群、城市带的发展。而小城市和小城镇现阶段的重点是做好生态与文化的保护、基础设施和公共服务的改善,为未来"后城市化阶段"的人口回流奠定基础。

The essence of urbanization is the urbanization of people, which is the result of people＇s rational and independent choice. At a stage of rapid industrialization and urbanization, it is a basic law for people to flock to megacities. Megacities are the real engine of economic growth. Under the guidance of the idea of ＂developing small cities and towns＂, China artificially restricts the population and land-use scale of megacities, which results in severe shortage of infrastructure and public service in megacities, and tremendous pressure to city operation. Giving priority to the development of small and medium-sized cities and small towns with favorable policies and subsidies does not stop population loss, but leads to low productivity and waste of resource. The recent polarization between the real estate market in first-tier and second-tier cities and that of third-tier and fourth-tier cities is actually the consequence of the idea of ＂developing small cities and towns＂. It is now the top priority to give up the idea of ＂developing small cities and towns＂ but to establish ＂urbanization＂ as a guide policy to lift restrictions on the development of megacities, to scientifically predict the population size of cities in accordance with the objective laws of population flow, to optimize the distribution of infrastructures and public services, and to drive forward the development of metropolitan agglomerations and urban belts with megalopolises as leaders and inter-city transport as bonds. As for small cities and towns, currently they need to focus on ecological conservation and cultural preservation, the improvement of infrastructures and public services so as to pave a way for the population return in post-urbanization stage.