宋代无名氏词所用词调的数量与成就

Amount and Achievement of Cidiao in Anonymous Ci in Song Dynasty

宋代无名氏存词总数共计1590首,所用词调总数共计306调(指词调正名,不计同调异名);其中沿用唐宋已有旧调共计188调,首见和仅见宋无名氏词的新调共计118调;在宋无名氏词所用118个新调中,首见无名氏词而有宋代词人沿用的常用调共41调,仅见无名氏词而无宋代词人采用的孤调共77调。从用调总数看,宋无名氏所用词调总数超过了两宋词坛任何一个具名的大家与名家;从用调成就看,宋无名氏不仅有188调对唐宋旧调的继承,而且也以118个新调对唐宋词调的繁衍做出了创新,小令与中长调兼具、大曲与杂曲并重,也为宋代词调的发展做出了重要贡献。

The anonymous Ci in Song Dynasty amount to 1590. There are in total 306 Cidiao （original names counted, the same Cidiao with different names not counted） used in them, among which there are 188 old Cidiao passed down from Tang and Song Dynasties. The new Cidiao which first and only appeared in anonymous Ci of Song Dynasty amount to 118. In the 118 new Cidiao used in the anonymous Ci of Song Dynasty, 41 Cidiao first appeared in these anonymous Ci and were later used by Ci writers in Song Dynasty, and 77 were only used in anonymous Ci but not taken by other Ci writers in Song Dynasty. In terms of number, the total number of Cidiao used by the anonymous Ci writer exceeds that of any great master or famous writer of Ci in Song Dynasty. In terms of achievement, the anonymous writers of Song Ci not only inherited 188 old Cidiao of Tang and Song Dynasties, but also contributed to Cidiao of Tang and Song Dynasties with 118 new Cidiao. There are Xiaoling （short Ci） and Zhongehangdiao （medium-sized and long Ci）, and both Daqu and Zaqu are valued, which was also significant contribution to the development of Cidiao in Song Dynasty.