解说缘起、发展与研究方法进展

On the Origin,Development and Research Methodology of Interpretation Function

解说(Interpretation)是我国国家公园建设的重要组成部分,是促进生态保护、加强生态文明建设、提高国民科学素养的重要手段。解说的概念自20世纪90年代末引入我国学术界以来出现了不少名词释义上的混淆,同时缺乏有效的评价方法,阻碍了解说在自然保护地和旅游区的推广。本文综合提尔顿(Tilden)对解说释义以及西方多个关于解说概念的阐述,明确了亲身体验与交流联系是解说的两个最主要特征。与环境教育不同,解说是在自然环境中对主动学习的游客开展的活动。近年来兴起的眼动追踪技术和参与式GIS制图等方法,为解说效果评估研究的发展提供了新借鉴,具有推广价值。本文厘清了国内的解说概念,明确解说本身是对过程的描述,其核心是解释,这对于进一步推进我国国家公园建设具有积极作用。

The interpretation function is a chief component in the creation of national parks in China's Mainland, and a key method to promote ecological protection, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization and broaden the body of scientific knowledge of citizens. The concept of interpretation was introduced to China's Mainland since 1990s, while there had been confusion of this concept and a lack of effective evaluation, which hindered the development of interpretation function in nature reserves and tourism destinations. This paper combined Tilden＇ s concept of interpretation and some other western elaborations of it to explicit that experience and communication are the two chief characterizes of interpretation which unlike environmental education, was an activity of tourists who take positive studies in the natural environment. We introduced two recently adopted research methodologies, namely tracking technology and participatory GIS mapping, to quantify the data in interpretation designing and planning, which provides a new reference for the development of studying the effect evaluation of Interpretation function, and is of great value of promotion. This paper the clarification of the confusions of the concept of interpretation in China's Mainland and the elucidation of interpretation itself as a description of a process with explanation as its core has a positive role in the further promotion of the creation of national parks.