直面解分化或文化向基础领域的进入——简论马克思主义美学规范性转型的思想视野

长期以来，西方马克思主义主要是一种总体性的社会批判理论，但是，只要是沿着批判理论总体性的否定逻辑，我们就只能从与现代性分化的对抗之中去获得否定的力量和理论的思想锋芒。我们只能据守一种外在于现代社会历史进程并与后者截然对立的总体性审美主义的价值立场，去揭露、批判和抵抗生活世界的现代演进，既否定社会的理性化进程，又否定伴随此进程汹涌而来的解分化运动——而这就等于说，我们必须从根本上告别现代性。但是仔细领会马克思早年的著作，其实蕴含着一种正面打量现代性解放力量的潜在思想视野。审美一表现的价值合理性、自然法的伦理要求、劳动实践的工具合理性——这三者都内在于实践关系之中并由实践的总体合理性、自由性来承担。同时，马克思一再指出，有效的解放只可能实现于高度发展的社会历史进程中，这就意味着，解放只能发生于现代性分化与解分化相互补充、辩证展开的具体历史形式之中。就如同科学技术、物质生产力是在高度的现代性分化中一步一步实现的，解分化也只可能是在一个漫长的历史形态中逐步积累并与分化相对应的漫长的历史进程。这样，马克思主义规范性转型的一种可能前景就显示出来：它不仅仅是“批判”的理论，如果充分展开，还将成为一种可以精确厘定现代性发展进程中诸领域分化与解分化之内在价值的规范性知识理论系统。

For a theory of totality, but long time, Western Marxism is a kind of social critical as long as it develops along the general negative logic of the critical theory, we can only obtain the negative power from confrontation with modernity differentiation. We can only stick to the standpoint of general aesthetics that is outside and opposed to the historical process of modern soci- ety to expose, criticize and resist the modern evolution of the world of life by either rejecting the rational process of society and the disintegration movement together with it, which is tantamount to saying that we must fundamentally bid farewell to modernity. But by comprehending Marx＇s early writings, we find out, in fact, that it contains a positive view of the forces of modern liberation of the potential ideological vision. Aesthetic value of performance, the ethical requirements of natural law, and the rationality of labor practice-all of them are embedded in practical relations and are borne by the overall rationality and freedom of practice. At the same time, Marx has repeatedly pointed out that effective emancipation can only be achieved in a highly developed society and historical process, which means that liberation can only occur in the spe- cific historical forms of complementarity and dialectical development of moder- nity. As with science and technology, material productivity is achieved step by his step in a high degree of modern differentiation, and it can only be a long torical process that gradually accumulates and corresponds to differentiation in a long historical form. In this way, a possible prospect for the normative transformation of Marxism is revealed： it is not only a theory of ＂criticism＂, but if it is fully developed, it will also become a normative knowledge theory system to accurately define the areas of differentiation and disintegration in the development of modernity.