如何认识德勒兹的“生成——动物”问题——从德里达的质疑说起

“生成一动物”是德勒兹创造的重要概念之一，同时它也是一个颇具复杂性和多样性的概念。德里达曾质疑德勒兹的“生成一动物”总是有关“人之生成一动物的问题”，因而带有人类中心主义倾向。但是，德里达在质问德勒兹的时候，忽视了德勒兹的“生成一动物”问题产生于反精神分析这一具体背景，同时他也没有真正理解“生成一动物”概念所具有的多重内涵。从纯粹哲学维度来看，“生成一动物”意味着不同物种的相互生成，意味着异质连接；从政治实践维度来看，“生成一动物”是人向动物、强势向弱势的政治解域运动，是弱势民族的逃逸与抵抗。

＂Becoming-animal＂ is one of the key concepts created by Gilles Deleuze. It is also a concept bearing much complexity and multiplicity. Derrida once criticized this concept for being ＂always only about man＂ and therefore anthropocentric. However, Derrida didn＇t notice the peculiar back- ground for the appearance of the concept, which was for the aim of anti-psychoanalysis. Nor did Derrida really understand the meaning of ＂becoming-an- imal＂. From the perspective of philosophy, ＂becoming-animal＂ implies mu-tual becoming between different species, which also means a heterogeneous connection. From the perspective of politics, ＂becoming-animal＂ is a political movement of deterritorialization moving from man to animal, from majority to minority, which is a means of flight and resistance used by the minoritarians.