流动、表演与权力:莎士比亚作品中的流动性问题

“流动性”提供了莎士比亚作品研究的启示性视角。莎士比亚作品中的“流动性”具有丰富的文化实践意涵。伊丽莎白时期的伦敦包含了丰富的欲望差异，差异引致广泛的社会流动，社会流动与城市表演同构产生了“流动性的表演”与“表演性的流动”。“流动的表演性”是社会欲望的流动具形化为“表演”，“表演的流动性”是“表演”本身为欲望流动所推动同时又缓释着社会欲望。以出入于“城市”与“剧场”的市民观众为载体，“表演”携带着“流动性”从“城市”到“剧场”再到“舞台”，落脚于“舞台”塑造了莎士比亚作品文本的“流动性”特征，即“流动性的表演”。莎士比亚作品中的“流动性的表演”具有丰富的政治意味，它通过示人以“流动”而转化了现实政治中因不对等而产生的反抗欲望，使人沉浸于“流动”的幻觉而悬置反抗。

The perspective of flexibility offers an insight into the study of Shakespeare＇s works in which flexibility bears rich amount of cultural connotations. London in Elizabeth＇s age was embedded in a difference of desires which caused great mobility among classes; social mobility and the performative of city share a relationship of isostructuralism, thus producing the flexible performance and the performative flexibility. To put it further, the flexibility of desires in society is performed visually on the stage, thus giving rise to the flexibility of performance. Vice versa, the performative flexibility is prompt and released by the flexibility of desires in society. As a carrier of flexibility, citizens as well as audience in London, wander from city to theatre, finally to stage, where the flexibility of Shakespeare＇s texts comes into being. In parti- cular, the flexibility in Shakespeare＇s texts possesses a strong political meaning, through which the Londoners＇ dissatisfaction is transformed and suspended, only to leave them with flexible illusion.