海南省芒果主产区土壤养分现状与果实矿质养分相关性评价与分析

Evaluation and Analysis of the Relationship between Soil Nutrient and Mineral Nutrient in the Main Mango Producing Areas of Hainan Province

研究海南省芒果主产区土壤养分丰缺及与果实矿质养分相关性,以期掌握芒果园土壤肥力现状,为科学、合理制定海南省芒果主产区的施肥策略奠基础。通过对海南省芒果主产区陵水、三亚、乐东、东方四市县芒果园0-20 cm、20-40cm土层采集的342个土壤样品和90个植物样品进行养分测定分析。研究发现,芒果园土壤pH均值为5.51,果园土壤呈酸性;果园有机质含量偏低,随土层加深而降低,四地土壤有机质含量在三级以下水平占各地土壤的比例分别为：陵水60%、三亚69%、乐东93%、东方100%;果园土壤全氮、碱解氮含量较低,基本在三级及以下水平,土壤速效钾、速效磷含量较高,大部分土壤在三级及以上水平范围,磷含量变异系数较大,分别为：0-20 cm土层为123.07%,20-40 cm土层为138.32%;芒果园土壤交换性钙含量较丰富,交换性镁含量较低,钙含量随土层加深而增加,镁则相反;芒果园微量元素含量比较丰富,随土层的加深有效铁、有效铜、有效锌含量减少,有效锰略微增加,有效硼基本不变;果园土壤养分含量与果实矿质元素含量的相关性较强,其中果实锰与土壤速效钾（相关系数0.990）、果实锰与土壤碱解氮（相关系数0.995）、果实锰与土壤有效锌（相关系数0.960）及土壤铜与果实铜（相关系数0.926）为显著的正相关,土壤有效磷与果实微量元素含量呈负相关关系,土壤有效铁与果实大量元素含量呈负相关,土壤速效钾和碱解氮与果实微量元素呈正相关。海南省芒果园土壤有机质、土壤氮（全氮、碱解氮）含量均较低,速效磷和速效钾含量为中上水平,交换性镁含量较低,果园土壤微量元素较丰富。建议生产中以基肥为主,增施有机肥,适当配施锰等微量元素,可以喷施少量叶面肥补充微量元素。在施肥时应平衡施肥,合理用量。

The aim of this study was to analyze the abundance or deficiency status of soil nutrient and its relationship with mineral nutrient of fruit in order to grasp soil fertility status in mango orchard and provide foundation for scientific and rational fertilization strategy in mango main producing areas of Hainan Province. About 342 soil samples and 90 plant samples were collected from 0 - 20 cm arid 20 - 40 cm soil depths in four main mango producing areas of Lingshui, Sanya, Ledong, Dongfang, Hainan Province and the contents of soil nutrients were determined. The results showed that the soil was acidic, with an average pH of 5.51, and the content of soil organic matter （SOM） was low and decreased with soil depth in orchard. The area percentage of SOM lower than the third level was 60% in Lingshui, 69% in Sanya, 93% in Ledong, and 69% in Dongfang The contents of total nitrogen （N） and alkali N were lower below three-level. The contents of soil available potassium （K） and available phosphorus （P） were higher above the third level. The coefficient of variation of P was 123.07% and 138.32%, respectively, at 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm soil layers. The content of soil exchangeable calcium （Ca） was rich and increased with soil depth. The content of exchangeable magnesium （Mg） was lower and decreased with soil depth. The content of trace element in mango orchard was relatively rich. The contents of available iron （Fe）, copper （Cu）, and zinc （Zn） were decreased with soil depth, while the content of available Mg slightly increased and the content of available boron （B） was basically unchanged. The relationship between soil nutrient and fruit mineral element was strong. The correlation coefficient between fruit manganese （Mn） and soil available K, alkali N and available Zn was, respectively, 0.990, 0.995, and 0.960. Significantly positive correlation was found between soil Cu and fruit Cu, with the correlation coefficient of 0.926. Soil available P was negatively correlated with the content of trace element in fruit. And soil available Fe content was negatively correlated with the content of macro element in fruit. The contents of soil available K and N were positively correlated with the contents of trace elements. The mango orchard in Hainan Province had low contents of organic matter, N （total N and available N） and exchangeable Mn, the contents of available P and K above the middle level, and the rich contents of trace dements. All the results indicated base fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer was applied to increase mango production, with appropriate spraying trace element fertilizer, such as Mn fertilizer to crop leaf. Balanced and reasonable fertilization should be taken into account in the production of mango.