土壤改良剂对鄱阳湖区潜育性稻田的改良作用研究

Remediation Effect of Soil Amendments on Gleyed Paddy Field in Poyang Lake Region

潜育化水稻土存在渍、冷、烂、闭（气）、毒及缺素等障碍因素,土壤改良剂是其改良的有效办法之一。本文研究了有机与无机材料相结合对鄱阳湖区潜育化稻田的改良效果,旨在为湖区此类土壤改良提供技术参考。田间定位试验设有机、无机改良剂10个互作处理,分别为（1）对照,T1;（2）牛粪＋粉煤灰,T2;（3）牛粪＋石灰,T3;（4）枯饼＋粉煤灰,T4;（5）枯饼＋石灰,T5;（6）牛粪＋粉煤灰＋石灰,T6;（7）枯饼＋粉煤灰＋石灰,T7;（8）牛粪＋枯饼＋粉煤灰,T8;（9）牛粪＋枯饼＋石灰,T9;（10）牛粪＋枯饼＋粉煤灰＋石灰,T10,研究了土壤改良剂对土壤氧化还原电位、还原物质总量及土壤肥力的影响,并结合水稻产量分析了有机无机改良剂相结合的改良作用。结果表明：在提高土壤氧化还原电位方面,T5处理最明显,在抽穗期比T1显著提升了69.2%（P〈0.05）。在消减土壤还原性物质方面,各施用改良剂处理均能显著降低土壤还原性物质,其中T5、T8、T10三个施用石灰的处理效果最为显著,比T1分别降低了84.5%、79.3%和72.2%（P〈0.05）。施用土壤改良剂对土壤有机质、碱解氮、水溶性碳无显著影响,但对土壤速效磷、速效钾、pH值、电导率和水溶性氮有显著的提升作用。在提高水稻SPAD值方面,所有施枯饼的处理T4、T5,T7-T10均能显著提高水稻SPAD值,在抽穗期比T1提高了13.5-28.6%（P〈0.05）。3年平均产量表明,T10能显著提高潜育性稻田产量,比T1显著提高10.3%（P〈0.05）。因此,枯饼与石灰配合是降低鄱阳湖区潜育化稻田土壤还原性物质、提升氧化还原电位、电导率的最有效措施;牛粪、枯饼、粉煤灰、石灰相配合则是综合提升水稻产量的最有效措施。

Gleyed paddy field has the characteristics of frequent waterlogging, low soil temperature, poor soil structure, bad aeration and high total reducing substances, which limits the increase of rice yield. Soil amendment is effective in improving gleyed paddy in Poyang Lake Region, China. A field experiment was conducted to study the remediation effects of various soil amendments on gleyed paddy field. In the experiment, 10 different treatments were designed with organic and inorganic amendments, including no soil amendment （T1, CK）, cow dung and fly ash amendment （T2）, cow dung and lime amendment （T3）, oil cake and fly ash amendment （T4）, oil cake and lime amendment （T5）, cow dung, fly ash and lime amendment （T6）, oil cake, fly ash and lime amendment （TT）, cow dung, oil cake and fly ash amendment （T8）, cow dung, oil cake and lime amendment （T9）, cow dung, oil cake, fly ash and lime amendment （T10）. Soil total reducing materials and soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that the average rice yield significantly increased by 10.3% in T10 compared to CK （P 〈 0.05）. Soil redox potential was the most obviously improved by 69.2% （/9 〈 0.05） in T5 compared to CK at heading stage. Soil reducing substances were significantly reduced by 84.5%, 79.3% and 84.5%, respectively, in T5, T8 and T10 compared to CK （P 〈 0.05）. Application of soil amendments had no significance effects on soil organic matter, alkali-hydro N and water soluble carbon, but showed significant improvement on soil available phosphorus, available potassium, pH value and water soluble nitrogen. All the treatments including oil cake （T4, T5, T7 - T10） increased significantly rice SPAD value by 13.5 - 28.6% （P 〈 0.05） in heading stage decrease soil reducing substances and improv compared to CK. Oil cake mixed with lime was the most effective to e redox potential and Region, and the combination of cow dung, oil cake, fly ash and lime conductivity in gleyed paddy field of Poyang Lake was the most effective to increase rice yield.