天柱建县与苗疆社会治理的路径选择

Tianzhu County and the Choices of the Road of Social Governance in Miao Nationality Areas

天柱撤所建县,是苗疆地区社会历史的一个里程碑,也是一次重大的社会变革。明中期的城步建县标志着改土归流的开始,但是,此后的一百年里,改土归流政策推进缓慢,主要的原因就在于尚未找到苗疆社会治理的路径。天柱的撤所建县,特别是由朱梓主导的土地清丈和乡村基层政权建设,则将改土归流引向纵深,使得政权的触角真正延伸到乡村基层社会,并且摸索出一条基层社会治理的有效路径,那就是建立一个由苗民自治自理的契约社会。天柱建县不仅对于化解黔东南地区复杂的社会矛盾起到了良好的示范效应,对从明代中晚期直到民国长达600多年清水江流域契约社会的形成和发展,也具有极为重要的奠基性意义。

Establish TianzhuCountyis not only a milestone of the history of scenic area but also a major social change.Chengbu county building of Ming dynasty marked the beginning ofthe bureaucratization of native officers （gai-tu-gui-liu policy）.However, over the next one hundred years, the gai-tu-gui-liu policy measures to boost is slow, the main reason lies in the path of the social governance has not yet found scenic zone.EstablishTianzhuCounty, especially dominated by Zhu ZiQingZhang land and rural grassroots political power construction, will lead to gai-tu-gui-liu policy deep, make the regime＇s tentacles extended to the rural grass-roots society truly, and figure out a efficient way of grassroots social governance, that is to set up a social provide for oneself by people autonomy bond.