纳西族木构民居榫卯工艺及特征解析

The Mortise and Tenon Crafts of Naxi Wooden Dwellings

金沙江中游的纳西族,在汉族影响下发展出了成熟的木构民居建筑体系,形成了明楼、蛮楼等构架类型。在木构民居的建造中,榫卯工艺对于保障构件结合的紧密性和整体构架的稳定性起到了关键作用。该文总结了纳西族木构民居中主要的大木作榫卯类型,并以特征性的"二蹬榫"为例,对其尺寸设计、墨线绘制、加工安装等具体工艺内容进行了论述,并总结了纳西族榫卯工艺在历史发展、技术传播的过程中,在形态、尺寸、应用等方面所形成的地域性特征。

Naxi people, living along the midstream of Jinsha River, have developed mature wooden dwellings with different types of structure such as Minglou and Manlou under the influence of Han people. In the construction of wooden dwellings, mortise and tenon crafts play an important role to ensure the intensity of joints and the stability of frame. In this article we introduce main types of mortise and tenon in Naxi dwellings, as well the design, processing and assembly of them using Erdengsun as an example, we also summarize the regional characteristics of Naxi mortise and tenon crafts in the process of historical development and technology transmission, such as form, size and application.