时间副词“立马”的词汇化与语法化

Lexicalization and Grammaticalization of Temporal Adverb “Li Ma”

"立马"最初用为动宾短语,意思为"停马、驻马",唐宋时期词汇化为表示"停马"意义的实义动词,晚清时期语法化为时间副词,意思为"立刻,马上",现当代时期又进一步虚化为具有语篇功能的时间副词,并一直沿用至今。语义条件、认知隐喻机制、句法环境的拓展是促使"立马"发生词汇语法化的主要动因。

“Li Ma” was originally used for verb object phrase, meaning “the horse stopped and stationed”.During Tang and Song Dynasties such word has been lexicalized into “stop the horse” meaning of the verb. In late Qing Dynasty it has been grammaticalized into time adverb, meaning “ immediately, right away”. The contemporary era has been further translated into a time adverb with textual function, which has been used so far. Semantic conditions, cognitive metaphor mechanism and syntactic environment expansion are the main motivations for the grammaticalization of Li Ma”.