中央立法审查权与香港司法审查权的潜在冲突刍议——以香港基本法第17条发回权条款不确定性为视角

On the Conflict between the Central Legislative Review Power and the Hong Kong Judicial Review Power——from the Perspective of Uncertainty Regarding Law Returning Stipulated in Article 17 of the Hong Kong Basic Law

央港关系的矛盾在基本法世界中具有普遍性。作为一种宏观的政治构想,"一国两制"事业的繁荣发展有赖于人们运用法治思维,在基本法实践过程中积极正确地对待央港之间的矛盾冲突,逐步加以推进。香港基本法第17条在处理中央立法权与香港特别行政区自治立法权的关系中具有枢纽地位。由于规范结构和立法原则上的深层规限,其第3款设置的中央立法审查发回权条款在启动理由和运行程序上具有显著的不确定性,酝酿着中央立法审查权和香港特区司法审查权的潜在冲突可能。中央立法权与香港特区自治立法权的划分是一个难点问题。厘清发回权条款的规范疑义及其法律效果,明确中央立法审查权的主导地位,可将长期受到遮蔽的中央立法审查权与香港司法审查权之间的潜在冲突消解在萌芽状态。

The prosperous development of the 'one country,two systems' cause,as a macro political conception,relies on people's use of the rule-of-law thinking;it requires people to positively and correctly deal with contradictions between the central government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the process of implementing the Hong Kong basic law.Article 17 of the Basic Law has a pivotal position in handling the relationship between the central legislative authority and Hong Kong's autonomous legislative power.Restricted by structural specifications and the principles of legislation,the third clause,which stipulates the law returning,has notable uncertainty regarding reasons and procedures for returning,brewing potential conflicts between the central legislative power and the Hong Kong judicial review power.It is indeed difficult to define the two powers,but clarifying the returning clause's doubtful point and its legal effect and clearly establishing the leading position of the central legislative review authority can resolve at an early stage the potential conflicts between the two powers.