口服营养补充依从性的影响因素

Affecting the compliance of oral nutritional supplements

ONS能增加患者营养素摄入,改善其营养不良状态,然而目前研究发现ONS的依从性较低。本项研究旨在探索影响ONS适口性的相关因素,对营养不良患者ONS的依从性的影响,采用关键词:适口性、口感、口味、香味、风味、接受度、依从性、ONS、肠内营养、营养补充剂等,检索MEDLINE、Sci Search、AGRICOLA、BIOSIS Previews、CAB ABSTRACTS、Embase、Foodline、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网数据库,按照纳入和排除标准对搜索的文献进行分析和总结。根据文献检索结果,最终将影响因素归纳为三大类,包括ONS产品本身、患者个人情况和患者环境因素;进一步细分为:营养素、口味、能量密度、ONS容量、黏度、个体消化机制、年龄、患者病情、摄入时间、社会疏离感、鼓励措施。研究发现,小剂量、高能量密度的ONS能够促进营养摄入。患者营养状况越来越受到医疗工作者的重视,需要尽早通过营养筛查等方法确定患者营养不良状态,借鉴ONS依从性的影响因素,根据不同患者对营养的需求,设计不同营养处方、以个性化的方式提高营养摄入,增强依从性是今后增强人群营养摄入的关键方向。

ONS has been proved to improve nutrients absorption and malnutrition while the compliance remains poor. This review explored the contributory factors of the palatability and the compliance of ONS among patients with malnutrition. MEDLINE, Sci Search、AGRICOLA、BIOSIS Previews, CAB ABSTRACTS, Embase, Foodline, CNKI were searched with the keywords regarding palatability, sensory, taste, smell, favor, appetizing, compliance, ONS, enteral nutrition and dietary supplements. Literature review was conducted through the paper selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. There found three main categories of the contributory factors which were products features, patients’ personal condition and patients’ living environment. These categories were further subdivided into nutrients, favor, energy density, ONS volume, viscosity, digestion mechanism, age, diseases, intake time, social isolation, and incentives. It was found that small dose and high energy density ONS was effective to improve the nutrients absorption. As the nutrition status of patients had become more concerned by medical practitioners, malnutrition needed to be diagnosed as early as possible by nutrient screening. Based on the contributory factors on ONS compliance, defning nutrient demanded among patients with different diseases, designing specifc nutritional prescription, increasing personal nutrition intake are key ways to beneft malnourished population.