超越“机心”——铃木大拙技术批判思想的道家特质

Beyond the “Mechanical Heart”——The Taoist Characteristics of Daisetu Suzuki's Thought of Technological Criticism

对于近代文明尤其是技术文明的反思和批判,是铃木大拙的一个重要论题。他认为,技术因素和制度因素共同造成人类异化,这是近代文明所面临的重大问题乃至危机。在阐发这些观点时,铃木是以道家特别是庄子哲学为根据的,因而其技术批判思想具有老庄道家特质。他依据《庄子》关于"机心"的思想来剖析近代异化的实质,从摒除"机心"从而保持"纯白"心、恢复亲身劳动、解放人的创造力等三个方面对《庄子》哲学进行了近代化诠释和吸收,并且他与老庄一样,认为异化的认识论基础是过度知性化。铃木的技术批判思想显示出老庄哲学在近代的跨文化生命力。

To reflect and criticize the modern civilization, especially the technological civilization, is an important thesis of Daisetu Suzuki. He believed that the technology factor and the system factor cause the human alienation, this is the serious problems and even crisis that modem civilization faces. In elucidating these views, Suzuki is based on the Taoist philosophy, especially the philosophy of Zhuang- zi. His thought of technological criticism has characteristics of Taoism. According to “ Zhuang- zi” on the “mechanical heart” , he analyzed the nature of modem alienation and interpretats and absorbed the philosophy of u Zhuangzi from three aspects such as exclusion from the “mechanical heart” and kept the “white heart” , recovered the physical labor and the liberation of the creative power. And as Lao-zi and Zhuang- zi, He thinks that the epistemological basis of alienation is excessive intellectuality. The thought of Suzuki showed the vitality of Taoist philosophy in modem times.