硬骨鱼类性别决定与分化相关基因研究进展

A Review on the Genes Related with Sex Determination and Differentiation in Teleosts

鱼类是脊椎动物中最低等但分布最广、种类最多的一类生物.与高等脊椎动物不同,鱼类的性别决定除了受遗传因素的影响,外界环境(激素水平、温度、盐度、氧气等)和自身内分泌调节也发挥了重要作用,因而其性别决定与分化机制极其复杂.尽管如此,遗传因素仍然是鱼类性别决定与分化的关键因素.本文通过对影响硬骨鱼类性别决定及分化的遗传因素(包括sox,dmrt1,amh,gsdf,cyp19a1a,foxl2等性别决定及分化相关基因和Rspo1/Wnt/β-catenin信号通路)的研究动态与进展进行综述,为更深入的探索鱼类性别决定与分化机制提供参考.

Fish represents the most widespread and diverse group of vertebrates. Unlike mammals and birds, which show highly conserved master sex determination genes that control a conserved genetic network responsible for gonad differentiation, a huge diversity of sex determination mechanisms （factors） has been reported in fish, including external environment （hormone levels,salinity, temperature, oxygen, etc. ） and its endocrine regulation. So the mechanism of sex determination and differenti-ation is extremely complicated in teleosts. However, the genetic factors play a key role in fish sex determination and differentia-tion. In order to provide a reference for the further study on the mechanism of sex determination and differentiation in fish. Wereviewed the advances on the genetic factors related with the teleosts sex determination and differentiation, including the sex re-lated gene such as sox9 , dmrtl , amh, gsdf , cypl9ala, fox l2 and Rspol/Wnt/（3-catenin signal pathway.