革命背景下的科学理论——论马克思主义的两个特征

Scientific Theory under the Background of Revolution——Two characteristics of Marxism

马克思主义的两个特征有助于解决以下三方面问题:首先,马克思主义定义中的困难。马克思本人没有给出马克思主义的明确定义,后来人也没有很好地完成为马克思主义下定义的任务,马克思主义的两大特征恰是以间接方式回应了马克思主义定义的要求。其次,实践基础上马克思主义理论统一性的问题。最后,对于马克思主义科学性特殊内涵的理解。马克思主义作为一种科学理论满足理论自身的要求,但它是建立在革命性基础上的特殊科学。革命性不仅帮助马克思主义实现理论自身的统一性,而且使得马克思主义具有极强的现实批判性以及为先进阶级辩护的性质、强调了人的主观能动作用以及不仅来源于现实而且高于现实等。

The two characteristics of Marxism help to solve the following three questions： Firstly, difficulties in the definition of Marxism. Marx himself did not give a clear definition of Marxism, but through the development of the theory, he suggested a special path to solve this problem; The later generations did not do well in the definition of Marxism; The two characteristics of Marxism correspond to the requirements of the definition of Marxism in an indirect way. Secondly, the unity problem of Marxism. The prerequisites for the unity of the theory; The developments of Marxism by Lenin and other revolutionists satisfy the requirements of these prerequisites. Thirdly, under-standing of the special connotations of the scientific character of Marxism. As a scientific theory, Marxism meets theoretical requirements, while it is a special science established on the revolutionary basis; The revolutionary nature not only helps Marxism to realize the unity of the theory but also helps it being very critical for the real world, emphasizing man＇s subjective initiative, developing through incessant selfcriticism and negation of negation, defending for the advanced class, and surpassing reality while deriving itself from it.