金融可得性、经济机会与贫困减缓——基于四川集中连片特困地区扶贫统计监测县级门限面板模型的实证分析

Finance Accessibility,Economic Opportunity and Poverty Reduction:On Data of Sichan Concentrated Destitute Poverty Areas

基于信贷需求内生的视角,引入信贷约束和经济机会构建理论模型,分析金融发展、经济机会与贫困减缓的关系,并利用门限面板模型对四川集中连片特困地区扶贫统计监测县进行实证检验,结果表明:金融发展和金融可得性对平均收入改善具有显著积极作用,但金融发展和金融可得性并未体现出显著的益贫性,经济机会对于农村人均纯收入提升和低收入人口数量减少均具有显著积极效应。贫困人口经济机会的缺乏将导致贫困人口生产性信贷需求不足,除非个人随机能力足够强,或者不存在消费信贷,否则贫困人口的收入将因消费信贷而停止增长,甚至体现为负增长。因此,在全面建成小康社会和扶贫攻坚阶段,改善农村经济机会是比盯住金融发展更为精准的减贫目标设定方式。"金融撬动"应该更倾向于瞄准对贫困人口能力和经济机会的撬动,并在金融扶贫过程中从信贷供给和需求两个方面进行疏导和改善,增加贫困人口实际可得的信贷匹配。

Using threshold panel model on credit constraint and economic opportunity,this paper makes an empirical study of the role of financial development and economic opportunity on poverty reduction based on data of Sichan concentrated destitute poverty areas from the view of endogenous credit demand. The result show s that finance development and finance accessibility have significant positive effect on income improvement and are not obviously beneficial to the poor,and economic opportunity has significant positive effect on per capita net income improvement and poverty reduction. Poverty people are lack of economic opportunity w hich can restrain credit demand. So enhancing rural economic opportunity is a better poverty reduction target than finance development in the context of constructing all-w ell society. Finance development should improve rural economic opportunity and capacity of poverty people to increase the matchup of finance demand and supply.