自噬与糖尿病肾病的研究进展

Research Progress of Autophagy and Diabetic Nephropathy

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病微血管并发症之一,是由于长期慢性高血糖导致的肾脏损害,更是导致终末期肾衰、严重威胁患者生命健康的首要原因。自噬,作为真核细胞的一种自我保护性机制,可以清除受损的细胞器或多余的蛋白质以对抗外界环境改变、维持细胞稳态发挥重要作用。目前研究发现自噬的改变与糖尿病肾病的发病机制密切相关。足细胞是肾小球脏层上皮细胞,是肾小球滤过屏障的重要组成,其损伤将导致糖尿病肾病出现大量蛋白尿、肾小球硬化。目前越来越多的研究证实足细胞损伤与其自噬功能失调有关。围绕自噬、营养感应通路、足细胞损伤与糖尿病肾病的防治为出发点,汇总国内外最新研究进展,提出防治糖尿病肾病的新靶点——调控自噬,减轻足细胞损伤。

Diabetic nephropathy,one of diabetic microvascular complications, was a chronic kidney disease caused by high blood sugar, which was also the leading cause of end - stage renal failure and the serious threat to the patients＇health and life. Autophagy was a protective mechanism of eukaryoeytes and could remove damaged organelles or extra protein against external environment change and maintain the steady state. Recent researches found that the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy was connected with the change of auto- phagy. Podocyte was the glomerular visceral epithelium ceils and one of the important components of the glomerular filtration barrier. The damage of podocyte could cause severe proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis of diabetic nephropathy. Nowadays, more and more studies confirmed that disfunetion of autophagy could cause the damage of podocyte. This paper mainly summarized the recent research progress of autophagy, nutrition sensing pathway, podocyte, the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Regulation of autophagy and nutrition sensing pathway,reducing podoeyte damage will be new directions for the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.