煤尘职业健康风险评估中两种风险评估方法的应用研究

Study on application of two risk assessment methods in coal dust occupational health risk assessment

目的 评价定量分级法（GBZ/T 229.1-2010《工作场所职业病危害作业分级第1部分：生产性粉尘》）和职业危害风险指数法在煤尘职业健康风险评估中的适用性.方法 以4座煤矿作为风险评估的研究对象,对其进行职业卫生现场调查与检测,运用两种风险评估方法对20个煤尘作业岗位进行风险评估.结果 煤矿中煤尘作业岗位都有着不同程度的危害风险水平,危害风险水平较高的岗位主要集中在煤矿井下,尤其是采煤和掘进生产系统.两种风险评估结果均显示,采煤机司机和掘进机司机的危害风险水平最高.利用两种风险评估方法评估得出的煤尘作业岗位风险水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,且高度相关（r=0.821,P＜0.001）.两种方法评估得出的结果得到了现场调查和文献报道的验证.结论 两种风险评估方法均适用于煤尘职业健康风险评估.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of quantitative grading method （GBZ/T 229.1-2010） and occupational hazard risk index method in coal dust occupational health risk assessment.Methods Taking 4 coal mines as the research object of risk assessment and making occupational health field testing and investigation.Based on two risk assessment methods,we analysed the health risk levels of 20 occupations which were exposed to coal dust in workplaces.Results Coal dust working post had different risk levels in 4 coal mines,the post of higher risk level were mainly concentrated in the underground workplace of coal mine,especially the post of coal mining and tunneling system.The two risk assessment results showed that the risk levels of coal-mining machine drivers and tunneling machine drivers were the highest.The risk levels of coal dust working post used by two risk assessment methods had no significant difference （P〉0.05） and were highly correlated （r=0.821,P〈0.001）.Evaluation results of two risk assessment methods were supported by the field investigation and literatures.Conclusion The two risk assessment methods can be used in coal dust occupational health risk assessment.