秸秆焚烧的原因与秸秆深还技术模式

Reasons for Corn Stover Burning in Fields and Technical Models for Its Deep Incorporation to Subsoil

秸秆焚烧的原因是产量过大,利用量不足,留在田里覆盖影响翌年种地,浅层翻压和旋耕不仅增加成本,还会引起漏风跑墒。目前解决焚烧的最佳办法是将秸秆深埋于土壤亚表层中,即"秸秆深还"。秸秆深还包括"富集深还"和"翻压深还"2种模式,前者为年年都能深层归还的可持续模式,后者应与免耕覆盖配合使用或作为应急模式使用。富集深还模式将站立或卧倒的整株秸杆粉碎还入开好的深沟内,也可以将玉米收获机械抛撒在地表的秸秆拣拾起来进一步粉碎还入开好的深沟内。开沟深还的优点是土层顺序不变,并可富集秸秆2~3倍,达到连年条带轮耕深还的目的。翻压深还是用大型翻地机具将玉米收获机械抛撒在地表的秸秆,按"开沟倍量隔垄"和"全量垄对垄"方式翻入土壤来培肥地力。

In recent years,corn stover has been burned in fields because of its excessive output and small utilization.Corn stover left in the surface of farmland has affected planting in the following year.If corn stover was mixed by shallow or rotary tiller,it would not only increase cost,but it would also cause air leakage and water loss in the coming spring.The best way to solve corn stover burning is to bury corn stover deeply into subsoil layer,namely,＂corn stover deep incorporation＂（CSDI）.The CSDI included 2 modes：＂deep ditch for stover enrichment incorporation＂ and ＂deep ploughing for stover incorporation＂,the former of which could return stover year by year （sustainable model） and the latter should be used with no-till cover or used as an emergency mode.By ＂deep ditch for stover enrichment incorporation＂ model,erect or lodged corn stover or corn stover thrown by corn harvesting machinery was ground and incorporated into deep ditch.Advantages of ＂deep ditch for stover incorporation＂ model are that soil layer sequence could remain invariable and stover could be accumulated to the amount of twice or three times so that CSDI could be done in strip rotation way year by year.In order to improve soil fertility,＂ deep ploughing for stover incorporation＂ was proposed,corn stover was thrown on the soil surface by corn harvesting machinery and ploughed into soil with large ploughing machine in two ways：＂double quantity stove incorporation in every other ridge＂ and ＂whole quantity stover incorporation in ridge to ridge＂.