中华绒螯蟹六月黄营养及风味品质研究

Nutritional and Flavor Quality Analysis of Liu Yuehuang(Eriocheir sinesis)

对中华绒螯蟹六月黄的基本营养品质及滋味特性进行研究,结果表明,六月黄的基本组成、脂质组成、矿物质含量和必需氨基酸指数(肌肉82,肝胰腺92)与成蟹相似,肝胰腺中蛋白质和甘油三酯含量(约11%和90%)略高于成蟹;肌肉中脂肪酸、游离氨基酸、5′-肌苷酸(IMP)和鲜味强度(EUC)值分别为5.5 mg/g,14 mg/g,0.2 mg/(100 g)和1.3 g MSG/(100 g),肝胰腺为120 mg/g,7 mg/g,0.1 mg/(100 g)和1.1 g MSG/(100 g),均低于成蟹;肌肉中的蛋白质和总氨基酸含量低于成蟹,肝胰腺中的两者及DHA、EPA等多不饱和脂肪酸的含量则高于成蟹。此外,六月黄的氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸指数雌雄差异不显著,基本组成及脂质组成、矿物质、脂肪酸、游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸含量均有显著差异;六月黄雄蟹的矿物质和游离氨基酸总量高于雌蟹,而肌肉中的脂肪酸、核苷酸含量和鲜味强度雌蟹显著高于雄蟹,肝胰腺(除去核苷酸含量)则完全相反。总之,六月黄具有一定的营养价值和鲜美的滋味,且多数雌、雄品质间具有显著差异,然而均未达到成熟河蟹的品质。

Nutritional and flavor quality of Liu Yuehuang （LY）, an out-of-season commercial Chinese mitten crab （one physiological stage of Chinese mitten crab）, were researched in this paper.The results showed that： proximate com- position, lipid contents, minerals and essential amino acid index （EAAI, meat for 82, hepatopancreas for 92） of LY were similar to mature crabs （MB）, while protein and triglyceride contents （about 11% and 90%） were a little higher; fatty acid （FA）, free amino acid （FAA）, 5＇-inosine monophosphate and umami intensity （EUC） were 5.5 mg/g, 14 mg/ g, 0.2 mg/（100 g） and 1.3 g MSG/（100g） in meat, and 120 mg/g, 7 rag/g, 0.1 mg/（100g） and 1.1g MSG/（IOOg） in hepatopancreas, which were all lower than MB; protein and total amino acid contents （TAA） in meat were lower than MB, whereas polyunsaturated FA and them were quite higher in hepatopancreas.In addition, contents of TAA and EAAI had no significant difference between male and female crab, and the other test index were quite different; minerals and FAA of male LY were higher than female, and FA, nucleotide and EUC in female meat were significantly higher than male, whereas completely opposite in hepatopancreas. Generally speaking, LY already had a high nutritional value and good taste, and most of the quality indexes were obviously different in gender. However, the quality of LY has not yet reached the high level of MB.