48个果用银杏品种SSR指纹图谱构建与遗传多样性分析

The Fingerprints Construction and Genetic Diversity Analysis of 48 Fruitused Ginkgo Cultivars Based on SSR Markers

随着银杏果用品种数量逐渐增多,依靠形态学区分已十分困难,构建一个快速有效的分子指纹图谱便显得尤为重要。本研究针对48个主要的银杏果用栽培品种,从本实验室自主开发的SSR引物中筛选出40对重复性高、多态性好的SSR引物对其进行PCR扩增。结果显示,40对SSR引物共扩增出136个等位基因,平均等位基因数为3.4。48个银杏品种的Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.467 9,Shannon's指数(Ⅰ)则为0.828 9,遗传多样性水平偏低,且表现出较强的"地域性",这与育种材料和育种手段的单一有着密切关系。最后,仅利用8对多态性高的SSR引物组合就成功构建了能区分48个银杏品种的指纹图谱,将为银杏种质资源的鉴定和遗传利用提供高效技术手段。

With the increasing number of fruit-used Ginkgo cultivars, it is difficult to identify them through morphology, hence the construction of a rapid and effective molecular fingerprint is very necessary. In this study, 48 main fruit-used cultivars were tested by using 40 pairs of well repeatable and high polymorphic SSR primers designed by our laboratory. The results showed that 136 alleles were identified from the 40 paris of SSR primers, with the average of 3.4 alleles per marker. The Nei＇s gene diversity （H） of the 48 Ginkgo cultivars was 0.467 9, and the Shannon＇s index （ I ） was 0.828 9. The materials and technique of breeding were unitized, as a result, the Ginkgo cultivars showed regional, with low-level genetic diversity. At last, the fingerprint of 48 Ginkgo cultivars was constructed by using 8 paris of SSR primers with high polymorphic, and that would be an efficient technique for the identification and application of Ginkgo germplasm resources.