《民法总则》中法律行为规范体系评析

Research On the Juristic Acts System of The General Principles of Civil Law

法律行为理论是《民法总则》的核心内容,法律行为规范体系的完善也是我国《民法总则》的主要任务之一。文章结合法律行为理论,对于新通过的《民法总则》中法律行为规范体系进行了较为详细述评。认为我国《民法总则》在法律行为的定义、基本价值理念、意思表示之实施与生效、法律行为之效力体系等诸多方面均取得了长足的进步。同时,也指出我国《民法总则》中法律行为之规范体系尚需进一步斟酌与完善的地方,主要包括法律行为之术语的选择、错误的意思表示的完善、单独虚伪表示之增设、限制民事行为能力人实施的意思表示之效力的细化、法律行为之效力体系进一步优化等方面。最后提出了具体完善的方案,以期对未来《民法典》分则编的制定及总则编的再完善有所帮助。

The theory of juristic acts is the core content of The General Principles of Civil Law, and the perfection of the legal norms is one of the main tasks of The General Principles of Civil Law of P. R. China. Based on the theory of juristic acts, this paper gives a detailed review of all the legal norms of juristic acts in the new General Principles of Civil Law. The au- thor believes that the General Principles of Civil Law has made great progress in the definition of juristic＇, act, the basic values behind it, the implementation and effectiveness of the declaration of intention, and the validity system of juristic acts. At the same time, the article also points out that this General Principles of Civil Law still requires improvement and perfection in these fields including the selection of terminology, the effect of persons with limited capacity of juristic acts, the rules about the error in the declaration of intention, the adoption of rules about unilateral false declaration of intention, the optimization of the validity system of invalid juristic acts etc. This paper puts forward a series of concrete and practical perfection plans, looking forward to further improvement of the General Principles and the codification of other parts of the civil law.