土地财政对基本公共服务的关联效应测度

To Estimate the Correlation Effect of Land Finance to Basic Public Service

土地财政长期困扰着地方政府对基本公共服务有效供给性,随着财政改革进程的稳步深入化,这影响效应又会逆向作用于地方政府改革进程。文章通过梳理土地财政与公共服务之间的既有文献,建构土地财政与基本公共服务产品供给之间的理论关系模型,以便诠释土地财政对经济性与非经济性公共服务产品之间理论关系,并得以有效区分与联系。同时,借助于随机和固定效应模型进行回归检验,厘清了土地转让与财政自主权对基本公共服务供给的显著影响。此外,通过稳健性检验,发现土地财政的增加是会对基本公共服务供给产生负向性外部效应。为此,需要正确处理好中央与地方的土地财政配置关系,优化土地税收结构,增强地方政府的财政自主性,进而推动土地财政的改革,实现基本公共服务供给的有效性。

Local governments are constantly disturbed by land finance about the supplying effectiveness of basic public services. With the steady deepening of the financial reform, this disturbance has reverse effect on the local government reform process. Through literature review of existing land finance and public service, this research constructs the relational theory model of land finance and product supply of basic public services, in order to theoretically interpret the relations between land finance and economic or non-economic public service products, for better distinction. With the aid of random and fixed effect model regression analysis, this paper clarifies the significant impact of land transfer and financial autonomy for the supply of basic public services. Furthermore, with the robustness test, it is found that increasing land finance basic public service provi- sion would generate negative external tropism. Therefore, we suggest proper adjustment of the relationship between the central and local land fiscal configuration, optimizing the structure of land tax, enhancing fiscal autonomy of local governments, and promoting the reform of land finance, for the effectiveness of basic public service provision.