儿童福利的分配公平与家庭收入审查机制——加拿大和澳大利亚最新研究及启示

Family Income Tests of Child Welfare in Canada and Australia and the Research Enlightenment

当前,多数西方发达国家已经把为中低经济收入家庭提供收入支持作为儿童福利保障的重要手段。加拿大和澳大利亚两国在儿童福利分配中采用家庭收入审查机制(Family Income Test)来区分不同家庭的经济状况,以通过家庭收入审查作为申请儿童福利的必要条件,并建立了适合国情的家庭状况与儿童福利分配之间的对应体制,即以每个家庭儿童状况和经济收入作为家庭获得儿童福利补贴数额的依据。两国的经验可为我国在建立适度普惠型儿童福利制度过程中,避免政府福利投入和社会资源的低效利用,达成"精准扶贫"提供有益参考和借鉴。

There is an increasing trend in western countries that income security is used as a tool to provide child welfare for low income families. As in Canada and Australia, where universal child welfare is turning to be more selective, family income tests set up the major thresholds for deciding the levels and the amount of child welfare that each family can enjoy. The experiences from both countries shed light on China＇s development of a moderate general child welfare system, enhancing precise targeting for effective welfare distribution.