旅邮检口岸截获杂草疫情分析及防控

Analysis and control of hazardous weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels

目的研究旅邮检口岸截获杂草的疫情现状,探讨防控杂草疫情扩散传播的有效措施。方法统计2011～2015年旅邮检口岸截获杂草的种属类别、频次高低以及来源分布地区和年度截获量的数据信息,分析杂草疫情风险。结果部分体积小、重量轻、带附属结构的杂草种类较易扩散传播,这些入侵的外来杂草能够对生态环境及农业安全生产带来危害。杂草来源地区分布较广,但来源于周边国家和地区的频次较高,年度截获杂草总量呈现逐年递增的趋势。结论旅邮检口岸通过引入先进的智能检测设备并且提升查验人员的专业素质,可以有效减少外来入侵杂草通过口岸入境的数量;通过加强法制宣传结合行政处罚的方式能够有效控制人为因素造成的疫情传播。这些措施能够防止疫情通过旅邮检口岸扩散传播到国内。

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of hazardous weeds intercepted from entry baggage and imported parcels, and explore the effective measures to prevent the hazardous weeds from spreading. Methods Statistical and risk analysis was done on the quantity of the weeds, which were intercepted from 2011 to 2015 from entry baggage and imported parcels, and respectively classified according to plant family, frequency, source and year. Results The weeds which were small and light and had an accessory of hook or thorn were easy to spread. Moreover, the alien invasive weeds would do harm to the ecological environment and agricultural production security. The weeds had features such as widely distributed sources, high frequency concentrated distribution in neighbors, and the total numbers were increasing quickly year by year. Conclusion It will be an effective way to reduce the number of weeds spreading through border crossings with advanced intelligent detection equipments and improved professional quality of inspectors, and it is also useful to strengthen the legal propaganda and the administrative penalties to prevent from manmade spreading. These measures can stop the epidemic situation from spreading into China through entry baggage and imported parcels.