减肥保健食品中非法添加物检测方法研究进展

Research progress of analysis of illegal additives in weight-reducing dietary supplements

本文简介了超重和肥胖的概念和其引起的主要风险,阐述了目前减肥保健食品中违法添加物的种类、提取和测定等方面的状况。减肥保健食品中单独或者联合添加的违法添加物多达百余种,主要有食欲抑制剂、能量消耗增强剂、阻止消化吸收药物、影响脂代谢的药物、利尿剂、抗抑郁剂等6类。重点综述了现有分析方法的适用性和局限性。与气相色谱法、薄层色谱法、酶联免疫吸附法、核磁共振等相比,高效液相色谱仪配质谱检测器是目前最常用的方法。针对片剂、胶囊和冲剂3种剂型,固-液萃取是主要的样品前处理手段。虽然目前的分析方法可基本满足实际检测要求,但面对新增药物种类和高通量筛查,还存在缺陷,如同时提取不同极性的化合物和提高分析速度。实时直接分析离子源-高分辨质谱法具有快速、准确、高效等优点,可以填补此空白,用于减肥保健食品中非法添加物的筛查。

After a brief introduction of the definition and risk factors of overweight and obesity,this paper presented and discussed the types,extraction and detection methods of illegal additives in weight-reducing dietary supplements.More than 100 synthetic drugs are adulterated into dietary supplements individually or in combination,including appetite suppressant,energy expenditure enhancer,drugs for preventing digestion and absorption,drugs for influencing lipid metabolism,diuretic and antidepressant.The applicability and limitations of existing analytical methods were summarized.Compared with gas chromatography,thin layer chromatography,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and nuclear magnetic resonance,high performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometric detection is the most commonly used technique.For tablets,capsules and granules,liquid-solid extraction is the main sample pretreatment method.Although the current analysis methods can basically meet the actual detection requirements,there are some defects in the face of new drugs and high throughput screening,such as simultaneously extracting and pre-treating of the compounds with different polarities and improving the speed of analysis for high throughput screening.Direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry has the advantages of high speed,accuracy and efficiency,which can be used to fill the gaps and screen illegal additives in weight-reducing dietary supplements.