逆境下茶树叶绿体的理化特征研究进展

Progress in the effect of stress on physiological and chemical characteristics of tea tree chloroplast

在逆境下,茶树叶绿体脂质过氧化程度加剧,会积累较多丙二醛,增强超氧化物歧化酶活性;活性氧代谢改变,致使抗氧化酶活性升高,一些毒害类物质(O_2^-、H_2O_2等)增多,一些非酶抗氧化性物质减少;并且叶绿体的类囊体和基粒片层等超微结构也发生变化。同时,通过施用抗坏血酸等外源物质能一定程度上减轻逆境对叶绿体造成的损伤。然而,有关茶鲜叶中的叶绿体在加工中的变化特征研究相对较少,不利于深度解析机械胁迫对乌龙茶品质的影响。本文通过对茶树叶绿体的生理生化响应特征的阶段性研究文献综述,阐明水分胁迫、光照胁迫、氟胁迫等非生物胁迫对茶树叶绿体的影响。本文进行乌龙茶加工中叶绿体的理化特征研究,期待从细胞器水平上研究乌龙茶加工原理。

Under the stress,the lipid peroxidation of tea plant chloroplast aggravates,much malondialdehyde is accumulated,and the activity of superoxide dismutase is also enhanced.When active oxygen metabolism alters,the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of some toxic substances （O2^-,H2O2 and so on） increase,meanwhile some non enzymatic oxidation materials reduce and the ultrastructure of chloroplast thylakoid and grana lamella also changes.At the same time,application of some exogenous substrates such as ascorbic acid can alleviate the adversity damage.However,literatures on changes of chloroplast characteristics during the fresh tea leaves processing are relatively little,and it is difficult to deeply analyze the influence of mechanical stress on the quality of Oolong tea.This paper reviewed the physiological and biochemical response characteristics of tea plant chloroplast in recent years,illustrated the effects of different abiotic stresses including water stress,illumination stress and fluoride stress on the chloroplast.Therefore,it investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of chloroplast,looking forward to exploring the principle of Oolong tea processing from the organelle level.