曲霉属真菌毒素的毒性研究进展

Research progress on toxicity of aspergillus mycotoxins

曲霉属真菌产生的真菌毒素是最早被发现并被重视的一类真菌毒素,多污染食品、饲料和中药,其种类繁多,且对人体的危害性巨大。近年来,国内外对此类真菌毒素的毒性研究愈加关注,本综述总结了曲霉菌属真菌产生的_13种主要真菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素B_1、黄曲霉毒素B_2、黄曲霉毒素G_1、黄曲霉毒素G_2、黄曲霉毒素M_1、黄曲霉毒素M_2、黄曲霉毒素P_1、赭曲霉毒素A、赭曲霉毒素B、赭曲霉毒素C、赭曲霉毒素α、杂色曲霉素和O-甲基-杂色曲霉素)近40年来体内、体外毒性研究资料,对其各项毒性进行归纳,主要涵盖急性毒性、慢性毒性的致癌性、生长生殖毒性、致突变和基因毒性、免疫毒性、神经毒性、细胞毒性及血液毒性。同时对黄曲霉毒素B_1、赭曲霉毒素A及其他常见毒素间的协同毒性也进行了概述。由于各国对食品药品的安全性要求越来越高,对真菌毒素毒性的总结,可进一步加深对毒素的认识,并为食品、饲料及中药安全性方面相关的法律法规制订提供重要依据。

Mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus genera were firstly discovered and taken seriously long before,which frequently contaminated food,feed and traditional Chinese medicines.A great variety of mycotoxins do huge harm to human health.For this health hazard,more and more attentions are paid on the toxicity of mycotoxins both at home and abroad.This review summarized the toxicological information of 13 common mycotoxins （aflatoxin B1,aflatoxin B2,aflatoxin G1,aflatoxin G2,aflatoxin M1,aflatoxin M2,aflatoxin P1,ochratoxin A,ochratoxin B,ochratoxin C,ochratoxin α,sterigmatocystin and O-methylsterigmatocystin） produced by Aspergillus genera fungi in recent 40 years.An overview of acute and chronic toxicities of these mycotoxins including carcinogenicity,reproductive toxicity,immunotoxicity,mutagenicity,genotoxicity,neurotoxicity,cytotoxicity and hematotoxicity were offered in this review.The combined toxieities between some mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1,ochratoxin A and so on were also introduced in this paper.Lastly,as the constantly highlighting need for food and medicine safety,this review also summarized different toxicities of mycotoxins,which may deepen our understanding of mycotoxins and provide important basis for the regulations related to food and traditional Chinese medicine safety.