知识产权客体的概念之争与理论澄清——兼论知识产权的“入典”模式

Disputes over the Concepts of Objects of Intellectual Property Right and Their Theoretical Clarification- Partly on the Entry Mode of Intellectual Property Rights

在诉诸于感官的"无形财产"、关注创造过程的"智力成果",以及关注创造结果的"知识产品"、"信息"、"符号"等统合知识产权客体的术语中,"知识产品"一词不仅体现了权利客体与权利本身在术语上的对应性,还强调了这类财产的非物质性和经济属性。作为一种在法律上有财产价值、有"构"无"质"的精神产品,知识产品既区别于包括自然力在内的有体物,又不同于作为客体的权利这类无体物。由于知识产权客体的特殊性,在民法典中规定知识产权时,宜采用有保留的纳入式:即将知识产权与其他民事权利的共性规定于民法典总则之中,将知识产权与其他财产权的共性规定于财产法总则的一般规定中,并且在财产法总则中设定"知识产权的一般规定",重点在于描述知识产权制度与其他财产权制度不同之处。

Among the terms of objects of intellectual property right, namely ＂ non -visible property＂ appealing to senses, ＂ intellectual work＂ focusing on the process of creation and ＂ intellectual products＂, ＂ information＂ and ＂ symbol＂ focusing on the results of creation, the term ＂ intellectual product＂ not only reflects the equivalence between objects of rights and rights themselves but also reinforces the non -physical nature and economic nature of such kinds of properties. As a kind of spiritual product which is legally valuable and has form but no materials, intellectual products are different from concrete materials like natural forces and non - materials like rights. Due to the special characteristics of the objects of intellectual property right, the reserved entry mode shall be adopted when Civil Code prescribes intellectual property right. In another word, the common features shared by intellectual property right and other property rights shall be prescribed in the general rules of Property Law and the general rules of intellectual property right focusing on the differences of intellectual property right and other property rights shall also be prescribed in the general rules of Property Law.