孕前超重/肥胖孕妇膳食模式分析

Analysis on dietary pattern of prepregnancy overweight/obese pregnant women

目的通过主成分分析法探讨孕前超重/肥胖孕妇膳食模式特点及膳食摄入状况。方法选择2014年10月-2016年2月在新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市某三甲医院分娩的147名具有完整产检资料,年龄18~45岁的单胎,孕前超重/肥胖(BMI≥24 kg/m^2)初产妇为研究对象。采用食物频率法和24 h膳食回顾法在孕早期对超重/肥胖孕妇进行膳食调查,最后用主成分分析法对孕前超重/肥胖孕妇的膳食模式进行分析。结果获得5个膳食模式,分别为水果蔬菜模式(以蔬菜类、水果类、豆制品和奶制品为主)、咸菜/泡菜模式(以咸菜、泡菜和甜点类为主)、海鲜禽蛋模式(以虾蟹、贝类、鱼类和禽蛋类为主)、主食模式(以米面类和肉类为主)、果汁饮料模式(以各种果汁饮料、坚果类为主),并计算出各膳食模式孕妇平均摄入量,然后与膳食宝塔推荐摄入量进行对比。结论超重/肥胖孕妇水果摄入量超高。建议备孕妇女注意控制体重,注意合理、适当膳食摄入,对孕妇进行个体化管理指导,养成科学的膳食习惯,避免孕期增重过多、妊娠并发症和不良妊娠结局的发生。

Objective To explore the characteristics of dietary pattern and dietary intake status of prepregnancy overweight/obese pregnant women via principal component analysis. Methods A total of 147 prepregnancy overweight/obese primiparous women （ having in- tact prenatal examination data, single pregnancy, aged 18-45 years old） were selected from a first-elass hospital at grade 3 in Urumuqi city from October 2014 to February 2016, then dietary investigation was performed using food frequency method and 24-hour dietary review meth- od. Principal component analysis was used to analyze dietary pattern of prepregnancy overweight/obese pregnant women. Results Five diet- ary patterns were obtained, which were fruits and vegetables mode （vegetables, fruits, soy products, and dairy products）, pickles/pickled vegetables mode （pickles, pickled vegetables and desserts）, seafood, pouhry, and eggs mode （shrimps, crabs, shellfish, fish, poultry and eggs） , staple food mode （flee, flour, meat） , fruit juice and beverage mode （fruit juice, beverage, nuts） . The mean intake of pregnant women with different dietary modes were calculated, then the results were compared with recommanded nutrient intakes by diet pagoda. Con- clusion The intake of fruits among prepregnaney overweight/obese pregnant women is very high. It is recommended to pay attention to con- trolling weight, reasonable and appropriate dietary intake anlong the women preparing for pregnancy, conduct individualized diet management and guidance for pregnant women, develop scientific dietary habits of pregnant women, and avoid excessive weight gain during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.