2013-2015年2830例住院新生儿临床特征分析

Analysis on clinical characteristics of 2830 hospitalized neonates from 2013 to 2015

目的对住院新生儿的临床特征进行分析,为新生儿的疾病防控提供参考和依据。方法回顾性调查并收集2013年1月-2015年12月在该院入住的新生儿临床资料,并按2013、2014及2015年3个时间段,对新生儿的基本资料、原发疾病类型、临床结局等指标进行统计分析。结果三年入住NICU新生儿2 830例,平均出生体重为(2.75±0.72)kg,平均胎龄为(33.45±6.29)周,原发疾病所占比例最高的前3位依次为新生儿黄疸845例,占29.86%;新生儿窒息792例,占27.99%;新生儿肺炎508例,占17.95%。治愈或好转出院2 293例,占81.02%;经治疗无效而死亡95例,占3.36%;自动出院(转院或放弃治疗)442例,占15.62%。三年住院新生儿中早产儿所占比例逐年增加,巨大儿所占比例逐年增加,新生儿黄疸、新生儿肺炎、新生儿贫血及先天性心脏病在住院新生儿中所占比例逐年上升,新生儿窒息所占比例逐年下降(P<0.05)。住院新生儿治愈/好转率提高,死亡率下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论早产儿和巨大儿的发生率逐年上升,住院新生儿以新生儿黄疸、新生儿窒息和新生儿肺炎为主,为降低新生儿死亡率,医护工作者应加强孕期保健指导,帮助孕妇养成规律产检的习惯及良好的生活习惯,从而在一定程度上改善早产儿的临床结局。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of hospitalized neonates,provide reference and basis for prevention and control of neonatal diseases. Methods The clinical data of hospitalized neonates were selected from the hospital from January 2013 to December 2015,then a retrospective survey was performed. The basic information,types of primary diseases,and clinical outcomes of neonates were analyzed statistically according to three time periods（ 2013,2014,and 2015）. Results From 2013 to 2015,2 830 neonates were admitted into NICU,the mean birth weight was（ 2. 75±0. 72） kg,the mean fetal age was（ 33. 45±6. 29） weeks. The top three primary diseases were neonatal jaundice（ 845 neonates,29. 86%）,neonatal asphyxia（ 792 neonates,27. 99%）,and neonatal pneumonia（ 508 neonates,17. 95%）. A total of 2 293 neonates were cured or improved,accounting for 81. 02%; 95 neonates died of treatment failure,accounting for 3. 36%; 442 neonates left the hospital or gave up treatment,accounting for 15. 62%. From 2013 to 2015,the proportions of premature infants,macrosomia,and neonates with neonatal jaundice,neonatal pneumonia,neonatal anemia,and congenital heart disease increased year by year,while the proportion of neonatal asphyxia decreased year by year（ P〈0. 05）. The cure rate or improvement rate increased,while the mortality rate decreased,but there was no statistically significant difference（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion The incidence rate of premature infants and macrosomia increased year by year from 2013 to 2015,neonatal jaundice,neonatal asphyxia,and neonatal pneumonia were the main types of neonatal diseases in hospital. In order to reduce neonatal mortality,the medical staff and nurses should enhance antenatal care and guidance,help the pregnant women to develop the habit of regular prenatal examination and good life habits,so the clinical outcome of premature infants can be improved to a certain extent.