基于受体模型与地统计的城市居民区土壤重金属污染源解析

Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in City Residential Areas Based on the Receptor Model and Geostatistics

选取西安城市居民区土壤为研究对象,通过绝对主成分分数/多元线性回归(APCS/MLR)与地统计相结合的方法解析其中As、Ba、Co、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sr、Zn、V的主要来源、各来源对各元素的贡献量、各来源贡献的空间分布特征.结果表明,相对于西安市褐土背景值西安城市居民区土壤中Pb、Cu、Sr、Co、Zn、Ba、Ni、As、Mn、V的累积程度依次减弱.西安城市居民区土壤中10种重金属的污染有自然源、交通源、化石燃料燃烧源这3种主要来源.As、Mn、Ni、V的来源以自然源为主,平均贡献量分别为69.63%、74.28%、68.65%、77.09%,其空间分布上表现为西北部低而东南部高的规律.Co、Pb、Sr、Zn的来源以化石燃料燃烧源为主,平均贡献量分别为59.84%、42.22%、44.50%、44.44%,空间分布上表现出自城市中心向外逐渐增加的特征.Ba以自然源和化石燃料燃烧源为主,平均贡献量分别为41.67%和48.27%;自然源、交通源、化石燃料源对Cu的平均贡献量分别为37.00%、20.47%、26.50%.

The soils from residential areas of Xi＇an city were selected as a case area. The absolute principal component scores-multivariate linear regression （APCS-MLR） model and the ordinary kriging interpolation were combined to identify and apportion the pollution sources of soil heavy metals （As, Ba, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn,V）, the percentage of contribution of every source for every element, and the spatial distribution characteristics of contribution rates. Compared with the background values of cinnamon, which is the main soil type in Xi ＇an, the accumulation levels of Pb, Cu, Sr, Co, Zn, Ba, Ni, As, Mn, V in soil of urban residential areas in Xi＇an city decreased in turn. The standard-exceeding ratios of Ba, Co, Cu, Pb, Sr, Zn were higher than those of other studied elements. Three main pollution sources of soil heavy metals in residential areas were natural source, traffic sources, and fossil fuel combustion source, respectively. Natural source was the main source of As, Mn, Ni, V in studied residential areas. The average contribution rate of natural source for As, Mn, Ni, V was 69.63%, 74.28%, 68.65%, 77.09%, respectively. The fossil fuel combustion was the second largest contributor for their accumulation in these studied residential areas. Its contribution rate for As, Mn, Ni was 23.07%, 19.09%, 23.13%, respectively. The contribution of traffic emissions was lower. Their spatial distribution characteristics tended to be lower in west and higher in east. The average contribution rates of fossil fuel combustion source for Co, Pb, Sr, Zn were 59.84%, 42.22%, 44.50%, 44.44%, respectively. The performance of spatial distribution was increased gradually from the city center to the outside. The sources of Ba were given priority to natural source and fossil fuel combustion source, and the average contribution rates were 41.67% and 48.27%, respectively. The contribution rate of fossil fuel combustion source for Ba gradually decreased from the center of the city. The contribution rates of natural source, traffic source, and fossil fuel combustion source for Cu were 37.00%, 20.47% and 26.50%, respectively.