典型土壤不同提取态Cd与水稻吸收累积的关系

Correlations Between Different Extractable Cadmium Levels in Typical Soils and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice

用盆栽试验方法研究典型土壤不同提取态Cd(TCLP-Cd和土壤溶液-Cd)及其与水稻吸收累积的关系.选取典型水稻土红黄泥(第四纪红色黏土母质发育)和紫泥田(紫色砂页岩母质发育的紫泥田),添加外源Cd梯度为0、0.5、1、2、5、10mg·kg^(-1),进行水稻盆栽试验,研究水稻不同生育期土壤pH、土壤溶液Cd(SSE-Cd)、TCLP提取态Cd(TCLP-Cd)及水稻各部位Cd积累量变化.结果表明,水稻生育期红黄泥SSE-Cd范围为0~2.50μg·L^(-1),平均0.57μg·L^(-1),而紫泥田浓度范围为0~1.60μg·L^(-1),平均0.48μg·L^(-1);红黄泥TCLP-Cd范围为0~0.25 mg·kg^(-1),平均0.10 mg·kg^(-1),而紫泥田为0~0.2mg·kg^(-1),平均0.07 mg·kg^(-1).随着水稻生育期的延长,土壤溶液Cd及TCLP提取态Cd均不同程度降低,且红黄泥高于紫泥田.TCLP提取态Cd与土壤溶液Cd呈显著正相关.随着外源Cd浓度的增加,水稻植株Cd累积量逐渐增加.土壤溶液Cd与米Cd、TCLP提取Cd与米Cd及水稻植株Cd累积量均呈极显著正相关.两种不同母质土壤环境容量差异很大,紫泥田土壤中Cd安全阈值是红黄泥的2.06倍,且两种土壤水稻Cd吸收累积差异明显,因而不同母质土壤Cd污染治理可能需要不同的措施.TCLP提取Cd与水稻Cd累积量相关性更高,提取量更大,可以准确评价土壤中Cd的生物有效性.

Pot experiments were used to study the correlations between different extractable cadmium levels in typical soil and cadmium accumulation in rice. To analyze the pH, Cd in soil solution（SSE-Cd）, TCLP extractable Cd level（TCLP-Cd）, and Cd accumulation in rice at different growth stages of rice, we conducted pot experiments which selected the reddish clayey soil（developed from quaternary red clay parent materials） and purple paddy field（developed from purple sandy shale parent materials）, meanwhile added with exogenous Cd with the gradients of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 mg·kg-1. The results showed that, during the rice growth period, the content of SSE-Cd in reddish clayey soil was in the range of 0 and 2.5 μg·L-1, and the average content was 0.57 μg·L-1; TCLP-Cd was in the range of 0 and 0.25 μg·L-1 with the average content of 0.10 mg·kg-1;The content of SSE-Cd in purple paddy field was in the range of 0 and 1.6 μg·L-1 with the average content of 0.48 μg·L-1; TCLP-Cd was in the range of 0 and 0.2 mg·kg-1, and the average content was 0.07 mg·kg-1. It showed that the cadmium concentrations in soil solution and the TCLP extractable Cd levels were both significantly reduced in two types of soil with the extension of rice growth period, and the content in reddish clayey soil was higher than that in purple paddy. The TCLP extractable Cd level was significantly positively correlated with Cd concentration in soil solution. The total Cd accumulation in rice plants gradually increased with increasing exogenous Cd concentration. There were significant positive correlations between Cd concentration in soil solution and Cd concentration in rice, Cd concentration in soil extracted by TCLP method and Cd concentration in rice and total Cd accumulation in rice plant. The soil environmental capacities of the two different parent materials varied greatly,and the safety threshold of Cd in purple paddy field was 2.06 times of that of reddish clayey soil. There were significant differences in Cd uptake and accumulation in different soils, so different measures may be needed to control Cd pollution in different parent materials. TCLP extractable Cd was more relevant with total Cd accumulation in rice, and had more extraction amount. Therefore, the TCLP method can more accurately evaluate the biological availability of soil Cd.