论民初主流小说家的百年命运

The Fate of Early Republic Mainstream Novelists During a Century

百年来,主倡"兴味"的民初主流小说家曾遭遇过双重历史遮蔽和一次错位误读。"五四"前后,新文学家将其斥为"旧派"、"鸳鸯蝴蝶派"、"礼拜六派"、"黑幕派"。在"新文学"正典化后,后来又一次对其发动攻讦,并将其与张恨水为代表的所谓"新礼拜六派"混为一谈。新中国成立后的头三十年,各高校文学史均视其为"小说逆流",形成另一重彻底的抹杀性遮蔽。新时期以来,学界基本上将其纳入"近现代通俗文学史"视域进行考察,称其为"通俗小说家",名实不符地将其与前后的文学流派视为一体,形成一次错位误读。梳理并反思以上遮蔽与误读,不仅有助于早日还原民初主流小说家的历史本相,亦可为当下形成健康的文学批评之风提供借镜。

For one hundred years, the early republic mainstream novelists who advocated ＂Xingwei＂ suffered dual historical veiling, dislocation and misreading. Around the May 4th Movement, in order to get the discourse power on literature, new litterateurs not only claimed the early republic mainstream novelists as ＂Old School,＂ ＂Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School,＂ ＂ Saturday School＂ and ＂ Muckraking school,＂ but criticized them fiercely. After the canonization of ＂New Literature,＂ the above assertion became the final conclusion in ＂Literary History,＂ and then formed a solid negative veiling accordingly. After 1927, proletarian writers and artists continued to criticize the early republic mainstream novelists and confused them with the so-called ＂New Saturday School＂ whose representative is Zhang Henshui ; and during the first three decades after the founding of New China, Literary History of all colleges and universities regarded them as the ＂countercurrent of novel,＂ thus a completely obliterating veiling was formed. Since the new period, the general tendency of the academic circle was to incorporate these novelists into ＂modern and contemporary popular literary history＂ to investigate and call them ＂popular novelists,＂ which confused them with the literary schools before and after and was a dislocation and misreading. The dual veiling and misreading avoided the critics evaluating the independent quality and historical contribution of the early republic mainstream novelists correctly. Reconsidering and rethinking the above veiling and misreading will contribute to restoring the historical truth of the early republic mainstream novelists, and can provide lessons for the formation of a better literary criticism in current.