论体验:一个美学概念在中西汇通中的生成

On the Formation of Experience as an Aesthetic Concept in the Chinese and Western Cultural Exchange

在当代美学中,"体验"一词有多重含义,它首先是指生命化的个人感受,这种感受可以通过共鸣而获得普遍性,也指具有自明性的经验认识。"体验"一词还包括了"真知"这层含义,体验是意识的意向性构成和意义统一体的建构过程,是真知的开始。体验作为一种认识方式,它的基本机制是海德格尔所说的"在之中"的领会,而这种领会是经验认识的开始,同时体验也是以身体图式对外部世界的直接感知。"体验"在具体的审美与艺术创作活动中会形成独特的"审美体验",审美体验是建立在纯粹直观之上的,对对象的审美区分,包含了想象力的自由和情感的发生。在中国文化的语境中,体验还包含着认知过程中的情感发生、生命活动中的感知,以及想象力的自由等内涵。当代美学与文艺学中的体验概念,实际上是中西方的多种思想传统在语言的汇通中产生的,是文化融合的结果。

In contemporary aesthetics, the term ＂experience＂ has multiple meanings. It first refers to the personal feeling of life, which can be universally obtained through resonance and also with self-evident experience. The term ＂experience＂ also includes the meaning of ＂ true knowledge. ＂ Experience is the process of intentionality of consciousness and the construction of meaning unity. It is the beginning of true knowledge. Experience as a way of understanding, with its basic mechanism for Heidegger ＂in-sein＂ and the understanding as the beginning of the cognitive experience, while the experience is also a physical diagram of the external world of direct perception. ＂Experience＂ in the specific aesthetic and artistic creative activities forms a unique ＂aesthetic experience,＂ which further establishes a purely intuitive. The aesthetic distinction includes the imagination of freedom and emotion. In the context of Chinese culture, the experience also contains the emotional occurrence of cognitive processes, the perception of life activities, and the freedom of imagination. The concept of experience in contemporary aesthetics and literature and art, in fact, is a result of the fusion of Chinese and Western literary traditions in the language of huitong （the process of exchanging, communicating, and merging）.