启蒙运动的再思考

Rethinking the Enlightenment

启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲的一场由思想家推动、致力于理解并改善人类现世生存状况而不问来世祸福的运动,同时也是思想家面向更大范围的受众传达其观点的运动。重思启蒙运动,必须看到启蒙运动在批判宗教权力的同时,也在努力地理解宗教;启蒙运动作为为改善人类现世生活状况而求索的努力,其不仅是实践层面的,而且寻求深刻地理解人类自身状况;启蒙哲学家在关注"社会"的同时,还着重阐发了"公众(public)"概念,"公众"群体开始受到重视;在启蒙与现代性关系上,重要的是要追问"启蒙运动"和"现代"或者"现代性"这些概念的历史,回到"启蒙运动"最初的使用形式——lumières和Aufklrung上去,探索其与18世纪历史事实之间的关系。

The Enlightenment was a movement that aimed to improve human beings'life of this world rather than other world in the 18^(th) century in Europe.It was meanwhile a movement in which thinkers preached their ideas to a wider range of audience.To rethink the Enlightenment,we should notice that thinkers of the Enlightenment not only criticized the power of religious authorities but tried to understand religion as well.Efforts were made not only to improve human beings'life of this world at the practical level but also to deeply understand the condition of human beings.The philosophers of the Enlightenment not only paid attention to"society"but also elaborated on the concept of the"public".In terms of the relationship between the Enlightenment and modernity,what is important is to inquire the conceptual histories of the"Enlightenment"and"modern"(or"modernity"),returning to the primary terms of the"Enlightenment",that is,"lumières"and"Aufklrung",and examining their relationship with the historical facts in the 18^(th) century.