超越职业伦理:媒体自律的真正基础

Surpassing Professional Ethics:True Basis for Self-discipline of the Media

从社会信息交往的整体视角和自律的基本内涵来看,媒体自律的真正基础在于个体道德的自由和觉醒。在社会转型和道德混乱的特定时期,个人被赤裸裸地抛离出来,直面自己的处境,重新思考原初的道德自我,应对他人的召唤。个体的道德觉醒为我们提供了重建社会秩序的基本思路。首先,个体道德为公共生活的建构提供了原初动力。其次,个体道德为社会结构提供了基本评价与调整原则。再次,个人道德判断内含普遍性和公共价值。最后,个体道德总是导向人类共在的整体视野。因此,人们应该持续探询自我道德之源,在此基础上努力创制一条更好的由个人道德通往良善公共生活之路。这也是未来媒介和传播教育的发展方向。

Chinese media encounters a serious crisis of confidence because of repeated anomie. ＂Bribe-taking Matter of Journalist of New Express, Chen Yongzhou＂ in 2013 is a typical case. The first response of the public is that the media should be self-disciplined. However, as a constituent part of public power, Chinese media does not possess an independent ＂ ego＂ structurally, nor does it possess a relatively improved legal system and effective ethical norm. To make the matter worse, the present media vocation faces a serious subsistence challenge, having no time to consider ethical issues. The source of media anomie lies in the change of a greater social system and information ecology, which leads to an unclear self-nature and moral standard of media. Possibility and true connotation of ＂self-discipline of the media＂ need to be researched further. Seen from the social aspect, self-discipline of the media is established truly on the basis of social community established by countless individual action subjects through a good deal ofinteractions. Such a social state is like a ball of floating ＂molecular cloud＂ with an unclear future. Existence value and meaning of people lies in correlation among the ＂molecule＂： approaching, collision or keeping away. Excessive concentration will cause a collapse while long distance will cause dispersion. Self-discipline is a kind of moderation to keep such social molecular state and self-discipline requires active moral responsibility ability sourced from the individual simultaneously. Charles Taylor holds the opinion that individual moral intuition is from the internal voice of the people being able to know the right and wrong things. What is more important is to keep a moral contact with the true ego. Kant endows the title of self-discipline to the moral capacity, thinking that self-discipline is congenital comprehensive judgment that is sourced from free will and that can perform self-legislation, which causes omnipotence and cavity of the self-discipline concept in the experience field. Levinas describes an ethic, which solves power and breakage problems between the priori discipline of Kant and reciprocal mode on experience layer and realizes individual morality limits： endless morality enquiry existing while facing others. Therefore, the true basis of self-discipline of the media lies in the freedom and awakening of the individual morality. In a certain period when social transformation and moral confusion exist, the individual is separated from the ＂shelter of morality＂ in the past, facing his own situation directly, returning to the original moral ego again and responding to summoning of others and basic thinking to reestablish social orders. Firstly, individual morality provides a primary dynamic mechanism for the construction of public life. Secondly, individual morality provides a basic evaluation and coordination principle for social structures. Thirdly, individual moral judgment contains universality and common values. Finally, individual morality always leads to integral field-visions where all men exist. Therefore, the source of ego morality needs to be explored continuously, and try to create a better individual morality to improve common life on the basis of it, and the value of future media and communication education also lies in it.