3-氰基-4-硝基氧化呋咱合成及性能

Synthesis and Properties of 3-Cyano-4-nitrofuroxan

以丙二腈为原料,经过重氮化、加成、环化及氧化反应合成了3-氰基-4-硝基氧化呋咱,其中环化和氧化反应收率分别为55.1%和83.8%。利用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析对3-氰基-4-硝基氧化呋咱进行了结构表征。通过对3-氰基-4-硝基氧化呋咱和3-氰基-4-硝基呋咱^(13)CNMR谱归属研究,确定了氧化呋咱环外配位氧位置。采用量子化学方法优化了3-氰基-4-硝基氧化呋咱分子构型,计算了键级,预估了理论密度(ρ)、标准生成焓(Δ_fH(s))、爆速(D)和爆压(p)。结果表明,3-氰基-4-硝基氧化呋咱分子键级最小的键为N(1)—O(4)(0.84)和C(6)—N(9)(0.91),为分子中易分解点;3-氰基-4-硝基氧化呋咱的ρ、Δ_fH(s)、D和p值分别为1.74 g·cm^(-3)、352.6 k J·mol^(-1)、8352 m·s^(-1)和30.9 GPa,是一种能量水平较高的含能化合物。

Cyano-4-nitrofuroxan was synthesized from dicyanopropane via diazotisation, addition, cyclization and oxidation reactions, and its structure was characterized by IR, 13C NMR and 15N NMR and elemental analysis. The yields of cyclization and oxidation reactions are 55.1% and 83.6%, respectively. In the 13C NMR, the chemical shifts were assigned by comparing with 3-cyano-4-nitrofurazan, which further confirm the configuration of 3-cyano-4-nitrofuroxan. The bond order, density, enthalpy of formation and detonation parameters of 3-cyano-4-nitrofuroxan were calculated theoretically. Results show that the minimum bond order are N（1）—O（4）（0.84） and C（6）—N（9） （0.91）, the density is up to 1.74 g·cm^-3, the enthalpy of formation is 352.6 kJ·mol^-1, and the detonation velocity and detonation pressure are 8352 m·s^-1 and 30.9 GPa, respectively.