2015年我国城市空气质量时空特征分析

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of air quality in China, 2015

目的分析我国城市空气质量的时空分布特征。方法基于国家环境保护部公布的2015年全国337个城市的逐日空气质量指数(AQI)数据,运用GIS地图、热图及聚类分析等统计手段,分析我国城市空气质量的时空分布特征。结果我国城市空气质量水平空间差异明显,具有季节特征。AQI大致呈现北高南低的特征,尤其是华北、西北地区AQI最高,华南、华中、西藏及北方部分边境地区AQI较低。AQI冬、春季高于夏、秋季,月峰值普遍出现在1月和12月,新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠地区月峰值出现在3、4月。西北地区首要污染物以PM10为主,华北、华中首要污染物以PM2.5为主。结论目前我国部分城市空气污染较严重,建议根据城市情况制定不同的空气污染治理策略。

Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urban air quality in China. Methods On the basis of daily air quality index （AQI） of 337 Chinese cities in 2015 downloaded from the website of Ministry of Environmental Protection, the temporal and spatial variations of AQI were determined by using GIS map, heatmap and cluster analyses. Results There were significant spatiotemporal variations of AQI in China which had a trend gradually decreasing from the north to the south. AQI was the highest in North China and Northwest China and relatively lower in South China, Central China, Tibet and some border areas in the north.AQI in winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn. The peak of AQI generally appeared in January and December, while appearing in March and April in the Taklimakan desert area of Xinjiang due to the influence of sandstorm. The dominant major pollutant was PM10 in northwest China and PM2.5 in North and Central China. Conclusion At present, the air pollution is serious in some cities of China. It is suggested that different air pollution control policies should be formulated according to different situations in different cities.