燃煤型氟中毒病区8～12岁儿童智力水平调查

Investigation of intelligence level in children aged 8-12 in coal-burning fluorosis area, Guizhou

目的探讨燃煤型氟中毒病区8~12岁儿童智力水平及其与年龄、氟斑牙程度的关系,为氟中毒致中枢神经损伤的相关研究提供人群数据资料。方法于2015年3月对贵州省284名8~12岁儿童(包括燃煤型氟中毒病区167人,对照区117人)进行氟斑牙诊断,并用《瑞文标准推理测验》测试其智力水平;分析不同年龄组病区与对照区儿童智力水平差异,以及病区儿童不同氟斑牙程度的智力水平及与年龄和氟斑牙程度的相关关系。结果病区儿童氟斑牙检出率为53.9%,高于对照区,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);病区儿童氟斑牙患病指数为0.59,属于氟中毒边缘流行地区;病区儿童的瑞文标准分低于对照区,差异有统计学意义(Z标准分=3.124,P=0.002)。12岁组病区儿童智力低于对照区,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.244,P=0.001)。病区不同氟斑牙程度的儿童智力水平无明显规律性变化(H=5.057,P=0.281),但年龄与智力水平呈负相关(r=-0.232,P=0.003)。结论燃煤型氟中毒病区儿童可出现较低的智力水平,但原因有待进一步研究。

Objective To investigate the relationship between age, dental fluorosis and intelligence in children aged 8-12 in coal-burning fluorosis （CBF） area, Guizhou province. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of dental fluorosis and intellectual level in 284 children （n=167 for CBF area, n=120 for control area） aged 8-12 in Mar., 2015. The difference of intelligence level with different levels of dental fluorosis were analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children in the endemic fluorosis area was 53.9%, which was significantly higher than that in the control （P〈0.01）, the dental fluorosis index was 0.59, which meant the area was an edge of epidemic area of endemic fluorosis. The standard score of Raven＇s Standard Progressive Matrices （RSPM） of children in endemic area was lower than that in the control （Zss=3.124, P=0.002）. The intelligence level in endemic area was lower compared with the control and showed a significant difference in 12-year old group（Z=3.244, P=0.001 ）, no significant relationship between intelligence level and levels of dental fluorosis was seen （H=5.057, P=0.281）. However, the degree of intelligence level negatively Correlated with age （r=-0.232, P=0.003）. Conclusion The intelligence level of children living in the endemic fluorosis area is lower and more further research need to be done to show the reason.