以“变”应“时”,“变”中求“通”——从“变”看《易传》哲学的人文特质

Change Fit for the Times and the Quest for Success in Change——The Humanistic Characteristics of the Yi zhuan from the Perspective of Change

尚变、崇德、明时是《易传》哲学最鲜明的人文特质。以"变"应"时",且在"变"中求"通",构成《周易》最基本的思维方式、实践理性和生命底色;把握"变"中的"不变",继而以不变应万变,是圣人驾驭变化、辅相天地、化成天下的根本所在。《易传》"变"的哲学所孕育的悲天悯人的道德理性与忧患意识具有鲜明的实践品性,是理解并运用"变"的哲学摆脱否塞、凶咎、困境,走向通泰、吉庆、福祉的心理基础、情感支柱和力量源泉。《易传》谈"变"从不离"时","时"既是"变"的境遇场景,又是察变、适变、参变的节度和方法。《易传》对"时"的哲学探讨,目的是为人生提供一种指导,以提高生命的自主性。

Change,morality,and timeliness are the distinctive humanistic characteristics of the Yi zhuan(Commentary on the Book of Changes).Change fit for the times and the quest for success in change constitute the basic way of thinking,the practical rationality,and the background of life;the grasp of the unchanged in change,followed by the countering of change with that which is unchanged,are fundamental to the sage’s control of change,assisting and cultivating the world.The philosophy of change in the Yi zhuan contains the compassionate moral rationality and the suffering consciousness,which is the psychological foundation for getting out of trouble and moving toward wellbeing.The Yi zhuan emphasizes change with timing.This timing is both a situation of change and a method of change.The exploration of timing in the Yi zhuan provides guidance for life and improves one’s autonomy in life.