有氧和抗阻运动对大鼠白色脂肪棕色化的作用

Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Rats

目的:对比两种不同的运动方式——有氧运动和抗阻运动对大鼠白色脂肪棕色化的作用。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别为安静对照组(C)、有氧训练组(T)和抗阻训练组(L),有氧训练方式为跑台训练:8周的时间里速度由15 m/min增至28 m/min,训练时间由20 min增至60 min,每周训练5天。抗阻训练方式为递增负荷爬梯训练,爬梯长1.1 m,负重装置固定于大鼠尾部,初始负荷为体重的50%,之后不断增加负荷,每3天进行1次,共训练8周。最后一次训练结束后48 h取大鼠的双侧腹股沟脂肪和附睾脂肪,组织进行HE染色,荧光定量PCR,观察两种运动对脂肪组织形态和相关基因mRNA的影响。结果:T组腹股沟脂肪和附睾脂肪的脂滴面积都显著减小,腹股沟脂肪组织里还出现了一些多腔室的小细胞成簇的聚集和少量类似血管的管状物;L组两类脂肪的脂滴面积比C组略有减小但不显著;T组的PRDM16、PPARγ、PGC-1α、UCP1的mRNA在腹股沟脂肪中的表达量与C组相比有显著升高,在附睾脂肪中的表达量除PPARγ以外都略有降低,L组的上述基因在腹股沟脂肪中表达量与C组相比略有升高但无显著性,在附睾脂肪中的表达量也表现为除PPARγ以外都出现不同程度的降低。结论:有氧运动可以促进皮下白色脂肪棕色化,但对内脏脂肪作用不明显;抗阻运动对皮下和内脏脂肪均无促进其发生棕色化的作用。

Objective： To compare the effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on browning of white adipose tissue （WAT） in rats. Methods： Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups： control group （C）, aerobic exercise group （T）, resistance exercise group （L）. The rats of T group performed treadmill exercise, speed increase from 15m/min to 28m/min, and the time increased from 20min to 60 min during 8 weeks, training were performed 5 days per week. The rats in L group were allowed to climb a 1.1m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails and the weights were progressively increased. Sessions were performed one times per three days for 8 weeks. Then bilateral inguinal fat （in-WAT） and epididymal fat （ep-WAT） were isolated at 48h after the last exercise section. The Hematoxylin -Eosin （HE） staining was used to observe The morphology of adipocyte, and the Quantitative Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of browning genes. Result： The lipid droplets of in-WAT and ep-WAT in T group were smaller than that in C group, and some multilocular cells and blood vessels appeared in the in-WAT. The size of lipid droplets of in-WAT and ep-WAT decreased slightly in L group. The content of PRDM16, PPAR γ, PGC-1α and UCP1 mRNA of in-WAT in T group increased significantly while that in L group increased with no significant compared with C group. All of these genes mRNA content of ep-WAT whether in L group or T group were lower than that in C group except PPAR γ. Conclusion： The aerobic exercise can induce browning of subcutaneous WAT, but has no significant effect on visceral WAT. Resistance exercise has no effect on subcutaneous WAT and visceral WAT.