基于国产高分数据的图们江口土地利用/覆盖现状遥感监测与中、朝、俄对比分析

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Land Use/Land Cover in Tumen River Estuary Based on Chinese High-Resolution Images and Comparative Analysis of China,North Korea and Russia

图们江是流经中国、朝鲜、俄罗斯3国的河流,3个国家不同的经济发展水平导致图们江口地区3国的土地利用程度也不尽相同。文章以我国国产高分辨率卫星影像GF-1和GF-2为数据源,采用目视解译方法,提取了图们江口土地利用/覆盖信息,对图们江口土地利用/覆盖现状及其中、朝、俄对比情况进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)图们江口地区的主要土地利用/覆盖类型为林地、草地、耕地、水域、沼泽等,其中林地主要分布在山地丘陵地带;草地在俄罗斯的平原、丘陵地区分布较广;耕地主要分布在中国和朝鲜地区;沼泽在俄罗斯境内分布较广。(2)中国研究区内,林地面积最大,草地、耕地、水域面积较大,集中分布在平原地带;朝鲜研究区内,林地面积最大;俄罗斯研究区内,土地结构的主体为林地、草地、水域,与中国和朝鲜相比,结构比较均匀,自然景观保护最好。(3)朝鲜区域土地开发最为剧烈;俄罗斯区域土地开发强度最低;中国区域土地开发强度适中。

Tumen River is an international river flowing through China,North Korea and Russia, whose economic developing level is obviously different,which has led to the different land use de-gree of three countries located in Tumen River Estuary Area.The paper used the visual interpreta-tion method to extract the land use/land cover information in Tumen River Estuary based on the Chinese domestic high-resolution satellite images GF- 1 and GF-2,analyzed the current situation of land use/land cover in Tumen River Estuary and compared their difference between three countries.The results showed that the main land use/cover types in the Tumen River estuary area are forest land,grassland,cultivated land,water area,marsh and so on,in which the forest land is distributed mainly in the hilly region,grassland is distributed mainly in the plain and hilly regions of Russia,cultivated land is mainly distributed in China and North Korea,and marsh is widely distributed in Russia.In China＇s research region,the area of forest land is the largest, while the area of grassland,cultivated land and water area is relatively large and is mainly distrib-uted in the plain area;Coincidentally,the forest land area is also the largest in the research region of North Korea;In the research area of Russia,the main land structure body is forest land,grass-land and water area,whose structure is more uniform and the natural landscape protection is the best compared with China and North Korea.The land developing activities intensity of North Ko-rea is the most violent while Russia is the lowest,and China is the medium.