基于河床调流的河道微生境改善技术综述

Review of River Microhabitat Improvement Technology by Changing River Flow Conditions

总结了河流的微生境因子及改善技术,为生态治理提供理论参考和技术借鉴。生物的空间分布格局是不同尺度上各种生物因子和非生物因子长期综合作用的结果,河流中水生生物的生存状况与其所处微生境条件息息相关。微生境改善作为一种重要的水生态修复措施,对于提高水生生物多样性、构建完整河流生态系统结构、恢复河流健康具有重要意义。在分析河道微生境主要因素的基础上,重点介绍了丁坝、深槽-浅滩和堰/砾石群3种微生境改善技术,并对当前技术应用存在的问题进行了分析和展望。

The spatial distribution of aquatic organisms is affected synthetically by the biological and non-biological factors at different scales. Microhabitat of river plays important role in the survival and growth of aquatic organisms. So microhabitat improvement technology, as an important water ecological restoration measure, has significant meaning for improving the aquatic biodiversity, building complete river ecosystem structure and restoring the river health. In this study, we summarized the primary microhabitat improvement technology based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the fiver microhabitat. Here we emphasized the effect of velocity, water depth and substrate on fiver microhabitat and the corresponding improvement technology to regulate water flow includes the construction of spur dikes, building deep groove-shallow riffle and setting ecological weir/gravel group in rivers. The current problems existing in the application of the technology and the future development trends were also discussed. The study will provide theoretical and technical reference for river ecological controlling.