贵阳忠烈宫初探:黑神信仰的源流与嬗变

Pilot Study of Guiyang's Zhonglie Temple:Origin and Evolution of the Black God's Belief

黑神信仰是贵州一个独特的神明信仰,在明清至民国期间兴盛达近六百年之久。其以唐代将领南霁云为神祇,并建庙宇忠烈宫祀奉之,其中影响卓著者首推贵阳忠烈宫。因贵阳忠烈宫在清末民初逐渐演变为黔省近代文教重地达德学校,故有必要从时间与空间两个维度对之进行探究,从而明晰当地黑神信仰的源流、嬗变及其实质。藉此可知,在明清时期,黑神信仰通过官方引导、民间自发两种途径传播与兴起,积极服务于当地的社会控制与社会整合。进入近代,达德学校作为忠烈宫的后继者,在对黑神信仰所彰显的传统美德予以传承的基础上,以科学民主教育对黑神信仰进行了超越。是故,贵阳忠烈宫无疑在过去数百年间对当地社会产生了深远影响。

Black God belief is Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty to a unique religion in Guizhou which flourished for nearly six hundred years from the Repubhc of China. Black God belief, which regards general Nan Jiyun as a god in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhonglie Temples were constructed to enshrine the god. Among them, Guiyang＇ s Zhonglie Temple was the most influential one. Because Guiyang＇ s Zhonglie Temple, in the late Qing Dynasty and at the beginning of the Republic of China, gradually evolved into Dade School, which was a modern important site of culture and education of Guizhou Province, so it is necessary to make a study of Guiyang＇ s Zhonglie Temple,from the two dimensions of time and space, to find out the origin,evolution and its essence of the local Black God＇ s belief. Therefore, we can get a conclusion that during Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, the Black God belief spreads and roses to serve actively the local social control andintegration in the two ways of official and nongovernmental. In modern times, Dade School,as the successor of Zhonglie Temple, on the basis of the inheritance of traditional virtue manifested in the belief in Black God, with a scientific and democratic education to transcend the belief in Black God. Consequently, Guiyang＇s Zhonglie Temple, undoubtedly, in the past hundred years, had a profound impact on the local society.