应对药品短缺保障供应的国际实践及对我国的启示

International Experiences of Response to Medicines Shortage and the Implications to China

目的:为我国从根本上解决药品短缺问题提出政策建议。方法:分析我国药品短缺的原因,检索分析2010年以来中国、美国、加拿大、欧洲国家相关文献和各国家卫生、药监等相关部门官网发布的有关短缺药品供应保障的政策和措施。结果与结论:我国药品短缺为监管性、政策性、不正当竞争性短缺;国内外都面临着不同程度的药品短缺问题,需方和供方的原因都有;应以患者为中心,健全应对药品短缺相关法规体系,建立多方协调机制及短缺监测体系和信息沟通网络平台,留给药品生产配送企业合理的利润空间,打击囤积原料药的行为。典型国家明确药品供应链中所有利益相关者的职责、建立相对完善的应对药品短缺的政策体系和协调机制的经验值得我国借鉴。

OBJECTIVE： To propose policy recommendations for China to solve medicines shortage fundamentally. METHODS： The causes of medicines shortage in China were analyzed. Chinese, American, Canadian and European literatures and the government website of typical countries about responses to medicines shortage since 2010 were searched and reviewed. RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSIONS： Medicines shortage in China are due to regulation and policy changes and unfair competition. Both China and foreign countries face the problem of medicines shortage to some extent, either due to demand side or supply side. It is necessary to improve related laws and regulations to deal with medicines shortage, establish multi coordinative mechanism, shortage monitoring system and information and communication network platform with the patient-centered approach, leave reasonable profit for pharmaceutical production and distribution enterprises and crack down hoarding of raw materials. The experiences of typical countries in defining clear responsibility for each stakeholder in the medicines supply chain, establishing comprehensive policies and coordinative mechanisms in response to medicines shortage are valuable for China to follow.